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| Associazione Calcio Milan. Award winning professional soccer club based in Lombardy. |
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-Italian architect in Rome 1903-1963
-Co-founded Rationalist Movement for architects in Italy.
-Built lots of government buildings as well as the Casa Malaparte (1937) - villa on precarious mountainside in Capri. Curzio Malaparte was so unhappy he chose to finish the design himself. |
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| Prime Minister 1945-1953. Started anti-communist political group Democrazia Cristiana (DC) after WWII. On cover of Time magazine in 1948, winning favor of Americans, who also hated communists. |
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| Prime minister 1963-1968. Led coalition government of DC and PSI (Partito Socialista Italiana) during a prosperous period. Secretary of DC in 1978, abducted by Red Brigades (Birgata Rosse), killed after around 50 days of not having his ransom paid (prime minister at the time Andreotti refused to play with terrorists). |
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Banal years (1980-1990) - "Reagan years." Characterized by extreme economic growth, widespread prosperity and industrialization of Italy. Second Economic Miracle happened then. Benito Craxi, one of the first non-DC prime ministers, was around then.
Ideological Crisis - made communism less politically attractive since communism seemed to be working; church attendance down, hedonism/materialism/ drug use up.
Southern Question - unfortunately, the south didn't feel this prosperity the way the north did. |
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-"Years of Lead" 1970-1982.
-Turbulent years characterized by recession (oil crisis), terrorism, organized crime, government instability, and student protest.
-Launched by the 1969 Piazza Fontana bank bombing.
-About 8 prime ministers, including Andreotti and Moro
-High government deficits - hard to sustain social welfare and reform programs, and the lira was losing value
-church was going north where its tradition of family businesses fared better, even in these drastic conditions (ex: ferregamo shoes) |
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| 1969 Piazza Fontana bank bombing |
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-Terrorist attack 1969, bombing at Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana in Milan
-Inspired Dario Fo's famous play "Accidental Death of an Anarchist"
-Blamed on Pinelli (anarchist railway worker who fell/committed suicide from 4th floor of police station where he was being held) |
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-Company from Italy that did highly political human rights centered ads which exposed human rights abuses
-Was part of Second Economic Miracle from 1983-1987
-Was part of leading industry of the time: fashion |
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| 1992 Milan prosecutor and magistrate (former cop trained in law) who conducted investigation of political party corruption in an initiative called "Mani Pulite" that successfully indicted many people |
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-Journalist / writer
-Wrote "The Italian Piazza" |
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-Prime Minister 1983-1987
-Corrupt, found guilty in Tangentopoli investigations
-PSI leader who was the first non-DC prime minister in a long time |
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| Fascist group who wore black shirts and a jawless death skull |
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| Carlo Alberta Dalla Chiesa |
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-General who defeated terrorism of Gli Anni di Piombo
-Successfully routed and reduced the terrorism of the Red Bridgades
-Assassinated in Palermo, Sicily, in 1982
-His murder led to renewed campaign to arrest and prosecute mafia |
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"House of Liberty"
-Italian right wing political group led by Silvio Berlusconi |
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-Political group that espoused family values established by De Gasperi after WWII to combat communism
-First won clear majority 1948 in first parliamentary elections
-Held onto power using clientelism (favors - ex, I'll get you a job if you vote for my party)
-Tried and failed to industrialize the south, using an ironically socialist land distribution policy in the 1950s in order to win votes
-Later became part of a coalition with the PSI headed by Aldo Moro |
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| 1961 dark comedy directed by Pietro Germi about a man named Ferdinand who wants to kill his wife Rosalia (since divorce was highly illegal at that time) so he could marry his cousin Angela |
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-of Dolce & Gabbana
-comes from a fashion family who did clothing; studied fashion
-split with Gabbana in 2005
-known for his use of black, geometry, animal prints, and erotic design
-had to pull some recent ads due to controversy over violent imagery and was implicated in tax evasion (in the grand Italian tradition) in 2009 |
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-famous print designer and former WWII pilot who supported Mussolini and made outfits for famous women like Sophia Loren and Jackie O.
-attended UGA in 1930 for agriculture; active in Cortona program |
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one of the main manufacturers in the north in Torino in the industrial triangle (Genoa, Turin, Palermo) that made cars.
-huge part of race car culture, and successful holdover from the fascist era |
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-type of racing done in Italy with a special type (formula) of very small, aerodynamic vehicle raced in Grand Prixes
-highest class of auto racing
-first one was by an Italian: Giuseppe Farina |
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-moderate party started by Berlusconi in 1993 when he became prime minister
-name echoes yells of a soccer audience |
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-director whose life story was told in the film "Tea with Mussolini" about a young kid named Luca who is helped by a rich British woman after his mom dies
-Forza party member |
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-composer of "La Boheme" and "Madame Butterfly"
-one of the great opera composers among Verdi and Rossini |
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-wrote the William Tell Overture, an opera seria often used in America because it is free and no royalties have to be paid on it!
-also wrote opera buffa (funny operas) like "Italian Girl in Algiers"
-one of the great opera composers among Verdi and Puccini |
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-one of two Sicilian judges (the other was Paolo Borsellino) who was murdered by the mafia in 1992 after the Maxi trials
-died with wife in their car
-death helped inspire massive Palermo protests of the mafia called "Campaign of the Bedsheets" |
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| -long distance, major bike race in Italy which started in 1909 and happens yearly over three weeks in May and June |
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| in 1936 build Casa del Fascio out of glass to reflect Mussolini's idea of fascism as transparent |
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-The Northern League
-right wing party started in 1989 by charismatic Umberto Bossi after the Berlin Wall fell
-Against central government, filmmakers, foreigners, taxation, and redistribution of Rome by the corrupt South
-Took name from Lombard League who were anti-foreigners in the 12th century
-Wanted to divide north and south but would settle for keeping out foreigners like Chinese and massive wave of African immigrants |
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-the blue team
-Italy's national soccer team that holds two EU cups and 1 championship
-coached by Marcello Lippi and has many notable players |
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| words that go with the music of an opera, usually written in verse |
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-a neo avant garde experimental writer who formed the literary group 63 Outside Palermo
-wrote "What Is That Buzzing, Do You Hear It Too?" |
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-successful, large scale trial that tried mafia in the mid 80s where Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino were instrumental after 1992 in overturning appeals (after which they were murdered)
-found 360 people guilty
-also related to Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa's murder and Mani Pulite |
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-word for Mama's Boys, referring to the high population of men in Italy who still live with their mothers
-have their mothers do everything, view her as irreplaceable
-mirrors relationship between the Madonna and Jesus |
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| -"clean hands" - nationwide investigative initiative started in 1992 by magistrate and prosecutor Antonio di Pietro to look into corrupt system of Tangentopoli (or "bribeville") that was then rampant in politicians and leaders of all parties |
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-wife of Roberto Benigni
-producer of some of his films |
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-icon of fascist architecture in Rome
-built as part of Mussolini's EUR (Esposizione Universale Roma) project
-statues in the corners made by architect Giovanni Guerrini, a rationalist (function over form) |
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| -founded PCI (Italian communist party) with intellectual Antonio Gramsci (a leftwing leader who was arrested under Mussolini and died in fascist prison) |
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-Italian judge involved in Maxi Trials of 1992
-assassinated by mafia on July 19
-his death helped inspire "Campaign of the Bedsheets" along with the death of Giovanni Falcone and his wife |
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| -where the bank bombing occurred in the 1969 terrorist attack, which launched the Gli Anni di Piombo (Years of Lead) and inspired "Accidental Death of an Anarchist" |
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-Radiotelevisione Italia (known as Radio Audizioni Italiane until 1954)
-biggest TV station in Italy
-owned by Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance |
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-not like expressionism/art nouveau/etc, but based in science
-reaction to historicism
-function more important than form
-part of Mussolini's architecture |
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-Brigate Rosse of Gil Anni di Piombo (Lead Years) who terrorized the North
-started in 1974
-targeted journalists, CEOs, politicians, judges, and other servants of the state
-took name to mirror fascist Black Brigade
-killed Aldo Moro and inspired law that all people checking into hotels must show passport |
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| -directed "Rome, Open City" when the Germans were still in Italy |
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-two time center-left prime minister
-there was a scandal where Berlusconi may have rigged it so he won over Prodi in 2008 |
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-Italy's current prime minister and media mogul
-has been implicated in various scandals, including an affair and to some extent, tangentopoli, although Di Pietro could never prove it and therefore resigned |
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-major actress and sex symbol in Italian film, especially during the 1960s
-worked with director Di Sica and Marcello Mastroianni |
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-1968-1973
-students threw eggs, tomatoes, etc., at professors to rock the bourgeoise France and Germany
-aim was to help workers, destroy and rebuild government, and gain power for the masses. Complained that there were too few jobs, unemployment, and clientelism.
-even denied left wing parties because they too were part of the establishment
-a lot like American protests at the time, which inspired crowd control forces |
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-"bribe city"
-refers to the widespread corruption and bribes in all government levels uncovered by Mani Pulite investigations by Di Pietro |
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-first in 1965, then again in the 1980s
Led to...
-huge chemical, textile, and steel industries
-people had fridges so they could eat meat
-Southerners went North to join workforce (cheap labor)
-common market cooperation in EU alliance
-infrastructure and exports
Criticism:
-happened at workers' expense; wages still low
-economic gap wider
-Hot Autumn 1969 Strikes: strike of metal workers, violent protests and eventually in 1969 the first terrorist attack in Italy (bank bombing)
-consumerist interests created by it; not enough to provide common belief and sense of national unity
-standard of living still low in South |
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-first prime minister of Italy
-negotiated with Napoleon |
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-prime minister who entered into triple alliance with Austria
-corrupt
-first trasformismo politician |
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-prime minister (repeatedly)
-wanted to colonize Ethiopia
-freedom fighter under Garibaldi
-forced to resign because of bank scandal |
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-repeatedly elected prime minister during Giolittian Era in 1980s.
-trasformismo politician (shady dealer, compromise, flexible, centrist coalition); violently suppressed socialism |
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-socialist who replaced Giolitti as prime minister after socialist backlash against indulgence of bourgeoisie Giolitti Era
-stepped down when Mussolini came to power and re-emerged as antifascist |
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| prime minister right before Mussolini |
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| prime minister 1920s-1940s |
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-PNF (fascist party) member and military leader under Mussolini
-negotiated surrender to allies in 1944 after becoming a sort of defacto prime minister, leading the country to civil war |
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-prime minister 1945
-DC leader
-anti communist, supported by Americans |
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-writer and idealist who wasn't suppressed by Mussolini for fear of backlash
-later came out against Mussolini |
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-incited a crowd of 100,000 in 1915 pro war
-charismatic propagandist, nationalist, and futurist |
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-Mussolini went from being antiwar socialist, to pro-war for Italian victory and fame, to fascist leader
-Acerbo made Acerbo laws, granting winning party majority seats
-Vittorio Emmanuele III manipulated Mussolini into creating a new government in 1922-1928
-Matteoti Crisis in 1924 - Matteoti opposed Mussolini and was killed |
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-Matteoti was a social politician who, in 1924, spoke to Parliament against fascists who committed fraud in recent elections
-kidnapped and murdered by members of National Fascist Party
-after three trials for his alleged killers, Mussolini was not found to be involved
-anti-fascists began to leave the Chamber of Deputies, but Vittorio Emmanuele III still refused to dismiss Mussolini
-led to a speech given by Mussolini, attacking antifascists and establishing him as the first dictator of Italy |
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| Nobel Prize winner 1926, "Reeds in the Wind" |
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| Nobel Prize winner 1934, Kaos the movie and "l'altro figlio", also "Six Characters in Search of an Author" |
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| Nobel Prize winner 1959, "Sardegna" - poet laureate, hermeticist |
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| Nobel Prize 1975, "The Wall" - metaphysical poet laureate |
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| Nobel Prize 1997, "Accidental Death of an Anarchist" |
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-program set up during Economic Miracle in 1950 to rehabilitate the south - tax advantages, infrastructure, etc.
-not as effective as it seemed; many buildings never constructed |
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-plan to rebuild Europe after WWII; gave 2 billion dollars in US aid
-partly to stop spread of communism
-supported De Gasperi (prime minister at the time) because he didn't like communism
-helped spurn Economic Miracle of 1950s and 1960s |
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