Term
| Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedures based on a mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt the data. |
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Term
| asymmetric cryptographic algorithm |
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Definition
| Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time. Blowfish A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Data that has been encrypted. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The science of transforming information into a secure form so that unauthorized persons cannot access it. |
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Term
| Data Encryption Standard (DES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext. |
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Term
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Definition
| A key exchange that requires all parties to agree upon a large prime number and related integer so that the same key can be separately created. |
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Term
| Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE) |
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Definition
| A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses different keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unique digital fingerprint created by a one-way hash algorithm. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electronic verification of the sender. |
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Term
| elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) |
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Definition
| An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses elliptic curve cryptography instead of prime numbers in its computation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext. |
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Term
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Definition
| A temporary key that is used only once before it is discarded. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt data. |
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Term
| Hardware Security Module (HSM) |
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Definition
| A secure cryptographic processor. |
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Term
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Definition
| An algorithm that creates a unique digital fingerprint. |
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Term
| Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) |
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Definition
| A hash function that is applied to both the key and the message. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchanging secure information within normal communication channels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mathematical value entered into a cryptographic algorithm to produce encrypted data. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of sending and receiving secure cryptographic keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common hash algorithm with several different versions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The current version of MD. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of proving that a user performed an action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combining plaintext with a random key to create ciphertext that cannot be broken mathematically. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchanging secure information outside the normal communication channels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleartext data that is to be encrypted and decrypted by a cryptographic algorithm. |
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Term
| Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) |
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Definition
| A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt files and messages. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| An asymmetric encryption key that does not have to be protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys. |
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Term
| RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD) |
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Definition
| A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process. |
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Term
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Definition
| An RC stream cipher that will accept keys up to 128 bits in length. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common asymmetric cryptography algorithm. |
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Term
| Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) |
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Definition
| A secure hash algorithm that creates more secure hash values than Message Digest (MD) algorithms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cryptographic function that applies a process on the input that has been padded with additional characters until all characters are used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hiding the existence of data within another type of file. |
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Term
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Definition
| An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character. |
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Term
| symmetric cryptographic algorithm |
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Definition
| Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
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Term
| Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) |
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Definition
| A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES. |
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Term
| Trusted Platform Module (TPM) |
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Definition
| A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services. |
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Term
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Definition
| A derivation of the Blowfish algorithm that is considered to be strong. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptography that can be applied to entire disks. |
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