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IT Final Exam
These are the terms for the IT Final Exam.
32
Internet/New Media
Undergraduate 3
12/08/2008

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Term
Acceptance Testing
Definition
provides the final certification that the sysytem is ready to be used in a production setting
Term
Business Process Automation
Definition
(GOAL-Efficiency for users): the process a business uses to contain costs. It consists of integrating applications, cutting labor wherever possible, and using software applications throughout the organization.
Term
Business Process Improvement
Definition
(GOAL-Introduce evolutionary changes): a systematic approach to help any organization optimize its underlying processes to achieve more efficient results. Duration Analysis- Calculate time needed for each process step, calculate time needed for overall process, and compare the two. Activity Based Costing- Calculate cost of each process step, consider direct & indirect costs, and identify most costly steps & focus on improving them. Benchmarking- making comparisons to how others do the process. Has the goal of introducing evolutionary changes.
Term
Business Process Reengineering
Definition
(GOAL- Radical/revolutionary redesign of business processes): The radical redesign of business processes, combining steps to cut waste and eliminating repetitive, paper-intensive tasks in order to improve cost, quality, and service, and to maximize the benefits of information technology.
Term
Change agent
Definition
In the context of implementation, the individual acting as the catalyst during the change process to ensure successful organizational adaptation to a new system or innovation.
Term
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Definition
Information system that automates the creation and revision of designs using sophisticated graphics software.
Term
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
Definition
Automation of step-by-step methodologies for software and systems development to reduce the amounts of repetitive work the developer needs to do.
Term
Data model
Definition
&an abstract model that includes all of the entities of a database and the relationships among them, is organized to minimize redundancy maximize accuracy, and makes data easily accessible for reporting and analysis.
Term
Data visualization
Definition
Technology for helping users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form.
Term
Documentation
Definition
Descriptions of how an information system works from either a technical or end-user standpoint.
Term
Expert systems
Definition
Knowledge-intensive computer program that captures the expertise of a human in limited domains of knowledge.
Term
Intelligence
Definition
The first of Simon's four stages of decision making, when the individual collects information to identify problems occurring in the organization.
Term
Design
Definition
Simon's second stage of decision making, when the individual conceives of possible alternative solutions to a problem.
Term
Choice
Definition
Simon's third stage of decision making, when the individual selects among the various solution alternatives.
Term
Implementation
Definition
Simon's final stage of decision-making, when the individual puts the decision into effect and reports on the progress of the solution.
Term
Investment workstation
Definition
Powerful desktop computer for financial specialists, which is optimized to access and manipulate massive amounts of financial data.
Term
Joint Application Design (JAD)
Definition
Process to accelerate the generation of information requirements by having end users and information systems specialists work together in intensive interactive design sessions.
Term
Knowledge workstations
Definition
The computer hardware designed and optimized for the specific knowledge tasks to be performed
Term
Paradigm shift
Definition
Radical reconceptualization of the nature of the business and the nature of the organization.
Term
Phased approach
Definition
Introduces the new system in stages either by functions or by organizational units.
Term
Process specifications
Definition
Describe the logic of the processes occurring within the lowest levels of a data flow diagram.
Term
Semi-structured decisions
Definition
Decisions in which only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure.
Term
Sensitivity Analysis
Definition
Models that ask "what-if" questions repeatedly to determine the impact of changes in one or more factors on the outcomes.
Term
Structured approach
Definition
The techniques are step by step, with each step building on the previous one, from general to specific. Development methods are process-oriented, focusing primarily on modeling the processes, or actions, that capture, store, manipulate, and distribute data as the data flow through a system.
Term
Structured decisions
Definition
Decisions that are repetitive, routine, and have a definite procedure for handling them.
Term
Unstructured decision
Definition
Non-routine decisions in which the decision maker must provide judgment, evaluation, and insights into the problem definition; there is no agreed-upon procedure for making such decisions.
Term
System testing
Definition
Tests the functioning of the information system as a whole in order to determine if discrete
modules will function together as planned. (as opposed to unit testing)
Term
Unit testing
Definition
The process of testing each program separately in the system. Sometimes called program testing.
Term
Systems analysis
Definition
The analysis of a problem that the organization will try to solve with an information system.
Term
Systems Design
Definition
Details how a system will meet the information requirements as determined by the systems analysis.
Term
Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
Definition
structured, semi structured, and unstructured types of knowledge; general-purpose, firm wide systems that collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.
Term
Knowledge Work Systems
Definition
specialized systems for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers that are designed to promote the creation of knowledge and to ensure that new knowledge and technical expertise are properly integrated into the business.
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