Term
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Definition
| active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable |
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Term
| classes of problem solving (greeno) |
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Definition
| 1 inducing strucuture- relations among numbers, words, symbols, or ideas, series completion. 2 problems of arrangment 3 transformation-try to carry out a sequence of transformations to obtain a specific goal |
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Term
| barriers to problems solving |
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Definition
| irrelevant information-leads people astray, people assume numerical info is always relevant. functional fixedness- tendency to preceive an item only in terms of its most common use, young people are less vulnerable. mental set-when people persist in using problem solving strategies that have worked in the past. unnecessary constraints-when people think constraints exist when they don't |
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Term
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Definition
| methoical, step by step procedure |
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Term
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Definition
| guiding principle or fule of thumb used on solving problems |
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Term
| theory of bounded rationality |
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Definition
| people tend to only focus on a few facets of available options which results in irrational decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greated than the event happeneing alone |
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Term
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Definition
| the belieft that the chnce of the event occuring increases if it hasnt occured recently |
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Term
| overestimating the improbably |
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Definition
| people fear tings that actually pose less danger. ex: asthma vs tornados |
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Term
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Definition
| make their confidence interval much too narrow, too much faith in their estimate |
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Term
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Definition
| how issues are posed or how choices are structured |
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Term
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Definition
| the most typical or familiar example |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of similar sequences of an activity |
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Term
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Definition
| when the solution seems to pop into the mind all of the sudden, riddles |
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Term
| trial and error problem solving |
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Definition
| common to many animals, slower and could be dangerous |
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