Term
| what are the 4 types of serial killers based on psychological profiles? |
|
Definition
the 4 types of serial killers are:
hedonistic
visionary
mission-oriented
power/control |
|
|
Term
| what are some key points of the visionary serial killer? |
|
Definition
the visionary serial killer:
-is commanded by hullucinated voices to kill
-is usually psychotic
-instructions recieved justify and legitimize his acts of murder
-compelled by such delusions |
|
|
Term
| what is the hedonistic serial killer? |
|
Definition
the hedonistic serial killer:
gains pleasure through raping or having sex with the corpse, mutilating the corpse, or drinking the blood.
-cannibals are usually in this group
- killing is less important than the acts accompanying the murder
-this group includes the killer to whom, "pleasure is the reward of murder."
-there are 4 subcategories |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 subcategories of a hedonistic serial killer? |
|
Definition
the four sub categories are:
lust
thrill
gain |
|
|
Term
| what do the 3 subcategories of a hedonistic serial killer represent? |
|
Definition
the 3 subcategories: lust, thrill, and gain all have separate meanings.
killers of lust gain sexual gratification from murder
killers for thrill obtain a high or a buss from murder
killers for gain kill for a financial or personal profit. |
|
|
Term
| what is a mission-oriented serial killer? |
|
Definition
the mission oriented serial killer:
-believes his acts are justified
-believes he is responsible for improving the quality of life and ridding society of anything he sees as bad.
- this person usually targets groups of people are already objects of society's prejudices. |
|
|
Term
| what is the power/control serial killer? |
|
Definition
-the most common type of serial killer.
-their main objective is to gain and exert power over their victim.
-these killers were usually abused as children
-and usually feel inadequate and powerless.
-they indulge in rituals they were abused with themselves.
they often sexual abuse their victims for power rather than pleasure. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of rapists? |
|
Definition
the three types of rapists are
power rapists
angry rapists
sadist rapists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a power rapist is someone who rapes for ultimate control and power over their victim. they try to compensate for insecurities by choosing weaker people. they only use as much force as necessary to obtain their goal. they do not want to harm their victim. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-an anger rapist is someone who rapes to right a wrong or a loss.
-they force their victims into performing sexual acts.
- the rapist may vent his anger by beating or degrading their victim.
-their attacks are surprising and explosive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sadist rapist uses extreme violence and cruelty. their victim is typically just a sign of their anger. he is very methodic and ritualistic in his attacks. they find pleasure in the victims anguish. the victems are often traumatized and suffer extreme injuries. they are sometimes murdered. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of rapes? |
|
Definition
- gang rape
-marital rape
-date rape |
|
|
Term
| this type of rape occurs in the company of peers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of rape reduces the victim to the status of an object |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of rapist seeks confirmation of their masculinity by expressing power over others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first person to rape the victim in this form of rape is usually the leader |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually the age of the victim reflects the age of the members |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gang rapes occur in the company of others. they reduce teh victim to the status of an object. gang rapists seeks confirmation of their masculinity by expressing power over others. the first person to rape teh victim is usually the gang leader. usually the age of the victim reflects the age of the gang members. |
|
|
Term
| this form of rape occurs when the man knows the victim and forces his unwanted sexual advances on her. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| since the rapist and victim know eachother, some do not consider this type of rape as serious as stranger rape. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trials for these types of rapes usually do not end in conviction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| date rape occurs when the man knows the victim and forces his unwatnted sexual advances on her. since the rapist and the victim know eachother, some do not consider this type of rape as serious as stranger rape. dat rape trialls usually do not end with a conviction. |
|
|
Term
| this is the rape of your spouse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at one time husbands could not be charged with the rape of their wives because of the marital rape exemption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marital rape is the rape of your spouse. at one time, husbands could not be charged with the rape of their wives because of the marital rape exemption which actually exempted men from prosecution for rape in cases where the woman he raped was his wife. |
|
|
Term
| what do rape shield laws limit? |
|
Definition
| they limit the ways in wihch defense attorneys can question the complaintant about her general sexual conduct. |
|
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Term
| what did these questions that the rape shield law insinuate about the plaintiff? |
|
Definition
| they insinuated that the plaintiff probably consented to sex. |
|
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Term
| of whom did the rape shield laws emphasize their rights, the complainant or the defendant? |
|
Definition
| the rape shield laws emphasized the rights of the complaintant. |
|
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Term
| laws have been passed that protect victims of sexual assault from taking the polygraph exax before starting a criminal investigation. in what situation do they not protect a victim from taking the test? |
|
Definition
| civil trials for damages by victims against their assailants. |
|
|
Term
| following the english model, some US states punished rape as a capital offense. after a decision in what year with what court was this ruled unconstitutional? |
|
Definition
| the supreme court in 1977 |
|
|
Term
| instead of capital punishment for rape, what other sentences have the courts come up with for a conviction? |
|
Definition
| life imprisonment, death after a second conviction involving serious bodily injury. |
|
|
Term
| rape changed to this term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rape is treated as a crime of this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three levels of sexual assault are |
|
Definition
sexual contact
sexual assault
aggravated sexual assault |
|
|
Term
| this level involved touching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this level involved sexual activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this level involved sexual activities with a weapon or a threat of a weapon |
|
Definition
| aggravated sexual assault |
|
|
Term
| the element of consent is not a factor in which crime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are more sexual assaults reported than rapes? |
|
Definition
| because the element of consent does not have to be proven. |
|
|
Term
| what is the problem with sexual assault as compared with rape? |
|
Definition
| the penalties are low in camparison |
|
|
Term
| one recent legislation efforts to reduce sexual assaults is what |
|
Definition
| the enactment of laws requiring convicted sex offenders to register with local police in any community in which they reside. |
|
|
Term
| women are more likely to be assault by whom? |
|
Definition
| their male partner than a stranger. |
|
|
Term
| until the late 1970s assaults against wives were considered this level of a crime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| women battering by their partner was considered a private matter by police departments which led to what kind of policy amongst police departments> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| battered women were ignored until they required what |
|
Definition
| until they required a substantial number of stitches under the stitch-rule policy. |
|
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Term
| pro arrest statutes are state laws that do what |
|
Definition
| they direct how police should respond to domestic violence. |
|
|
Term
| there are several types of pro arrest statutes. what are they? |
|
Definition
mandatory laws
preferred laws
discretionary laws |
|
|
Term
| states with mandatory laws require what |
|
Definition
| they require police compliance with their provisions |
|
|
Term
| states with preferred laws indicate a preference for what |
|
Definition
| they indicate preference for arrest |
|
|
Term
| states with discretionary laws leave the decision making to whom? |
|
Definition
| the individual police department |
|
|
Term
| most state codes also instruct police to inform the victims of what? |
|
Definition
certain rights
availability of a protection order
or emergency facilities
transportation |
|
|
Term
| traditionally, prosecutors were unwilling to pursue criminal charges aggressively in many of these cases why? |
|
Definition
| because they often view domestic violence again women as a private matter or because they beieved that some women precipitate the violence. |
|
|
Term
| what were the repercussions of prosecutors not going after rape aggressively? |
|
Definition
| they have discouraged victims from going forward with their cases and even dismiss misdemeanor cases. there are also extensive delays where a victim may be reassaulted, threatened or simply give up. |
|
|
Term
| what is a "no drop policy?" |
|
Definition
| the state presecutor decides whether to prosecutre a domestic violence perpetrator, regardless of the victim's wishes. these policies range from strict or hard no drop policies to highly deferential policies. |
|
|
Term
| what is a hard no drop policy in regards to rape cases? |
|
Definition
| the state wil push forward a prosecution using all means available. |
|
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Term
| in addition to submitting into evidence the testimonies of plice officers and neighbors and excited utterance smade by the victim at the time of the alleged attack, prosecutors in these jurisdictions might do what? |
|
Definition
| subpoena a victim to testify against her will. |
|
|
Term
| while hard no drop prosecution is most notorious for coercing the participation of victims, these ppolicies also include efforts to prescute that do not involve the victim, such as |
|
Definition
| encouraging meticulous fact finding by police officers and the submission of excited utterances at the trial. |
|
|
Term
| what is the tradition judicial response to wife abuse? |
|
Definition
| judges response to wife abuse indicate an unwillingness to see wife abuse as acrime and a tendency to side with the abuser. |
|
|
Term
| how are judges victimizing the victims of abuse? |
|
Definition
| they give lenient sentences to batters, refusing to apply criminal sanctions appropriate to the seriousness of the crimes. |
|
|
Term
| the reasons judges give lenient sentences are |
|
Definition
they desire to maintain family privacy
they view family violence as a private matter, and the husband the head of the household.
the court's intervention is antithesis of privacy
an attempt to keep the family intact
avoid financial difficulties for the families
the belief that women precipitate violence with promiscuity |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of robbers? |
|
Definition
professional robbers
addict robbers
opportunist robbers
alcoholic robbers |
|
|
Term
| what are professional robbers? |
|
Definition
| make their living by robbing |
|
|
Term
| professional robbers focus on |
|
Definition
| large scores, minimum of $500 |
|
|
Term
| before committing the offense, professional robbers carefully plan,taking into account |
|
Definition
| security measures, how to make a sure escape. |
|
|
Term
| some professional robbers engage in what other crime? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the professional's general philosophy is derived from |
|
Definition
| their view of the essential dishonesty of society and the interest group conflicts behind that dishonesty |
|
|
Term
| these robbers rob as a result of drug habits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unlike professional robbers addict robbers do not |
|
Definition
| think in terms of big scores, they worry about only getting enough for the next fix |
|
|
Term
| addicts may atttempt to lessen the risk through what |
|
Definition
| planning, howefver desperation may lead to arrest |
|
|
Term
| the most common type of robbers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for these robbers, the situation plays an important role in the offense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the situation when an opportunist robber strikes isthe occurence depends greatly upon the availability of vulnerable victims, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they often take less than |
|
Definition
| $20, this is spend for extras to elevate the robber's lifestyle a bit |
|
|
Term
| for this robber, robbery is not a frequest activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| robbery is primarily a matter of what |
|
Definition
| convenience, not commitment. |
|
|
Term
| for these robbers, the situationis the paramount factor precipitating the offense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these robbers have no commitment to theft, they do not plan at all, the event just happens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the cycles of violence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tension build up of phase 1 is comprised of what |
|
Definition
| increased tension, anger, blaming and arguing. this phase has no definite length. violence becomes more frequent as the cycle is repeated.it typically involved an increase in verbal and minor physical abuse. |
|
|
Term
| what is the second phase of the cycle of violence? |
|
Definition
| phase 2 is the battering incident |
|
|
Term
| the battering incident is comprised of |
|
Definition
| battering-hitting, slapping, kicking, choking, use of objects or weapons. sexual abuse verbal threats and abuse. |
|
|
Term
| during this phase...the batterer loses the desire or ability to control his or her anger and violence |
|
Definition
| the battering incident...the batterer learns that this type of action helps to relieve stress and change behavior. |
|
|
Term
| just following this episode what are the batter and the partner most likely to do? |
|
Definition
| they are most likely to seek help. |
|
|
Term
| how are both parties feeling after the battering? |
|
Definition
| the partner is hurt and scared, the batterer is feeling ashmaed, guilty and humiliated. |
|
|
Term
| what is the 3rd phase of the cycle of violence? |
|
Definition
| the calm or honeymoon phase |
|
|
Term
| does the honeymoon stage increase or decrease over time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will the batterer do in this stage? |
|
Definition
| he creates excuses. they may deny violence..say he or she was drunk, say sorry and promise that it will never happen again. |
|
|
Term
| how are the victim and batterer feeling at this point of the cycle? |
|
Definition
| the victim is the least amenable to help. the batterer is the most open to help at the start of this phase because he or she is remorseful and wishes to please the partner. |
|
|
Term
| after phase three of the cycle of violence, what comes next?> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 rationalizations of women in abusive relationships? |
|
Definition
1 the appeal of the salvation ethic
2. the denial of victimizer
3. the denial of injury
4. the denial of victiminzation
5. the denial of options
6. the appeal to higher loyalties. |
|
|
Term
| which rationalization is composed of two elements: practical options and emotional options. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which rationalization is similar to the salvation ethic, except that victims do not assume responsbility for solving their abuser's problems. women perceive battering as an event beyond the control of both spouses, and blame it on some external force. the vioence is therefore seen as situational and temporary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in which rationalization do the victims often blame themselvers for the violence, therby neutralizing the responsbility of the spouse? battered women dont generally believe that violence against them is justified, but some feel it could have been avoided if they had been more passive and conciliatory. |
|
Definition
| the denial of victimization |
|
|
Term
| what rationalization explains the refusal of injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which rationalization involves enduring battering for the sake of some higher commitment, either religious or traditional. |
|
Definition
| the appeal to higher loyalties. |
|
|
Term
| the appeal of the salvation ethic |
|
Definition
| this rationalization is grounded in a woman';s desire to be of service to others. abusing husbands are viewed as deeply troubled, dependent on their wives nurturance for survival. battered women place their own safety and happiness below the commitment to saving my man. |
|
|
Term
| "abusing husbands are viewed as deeply troubled, dependent on their wives nurturance for survival." |
|
Definition
| the appeal of the salvation ethic. |
|
|
Term
| victims do not assume responsbility for solving their abuser's problems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| men may refuse to discuss or acknowledge the event. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| battered women dont generally believe that violence against them is justified |
|
Definition
| the denial of victimization |
|
|
Term
| pratical options consist of what |
|
Definition
| alternative housing, sources of income, and protection from an abuser |
|
|
Term
| the practical options of the denial of options rationalization are limited by |
|
Definition
| the patriarchal structure of western society. |
|
|
Term
| homicide-1st degree refers to what |
|
Definition
| premeditated murder, or murder which occurs after some degree of reflection by the murderer. |
|
|
Term
| second degree murder refers to |
|
Definition
| murder done with malice but without premeditation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the course of committing a felony, kills someone. |
|
|
Term
| manslaughter is defined as what |
|
Definition
| the unlawful killing of another person without premeditation or so called alice aforethought |
|
|
Term
| how is manslaughter distinguished from murder? |
|
Definition
| lack of any prior intention to kill anyone or create a deadly situation |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of manslaughter? |
|
Definition
| involuntary and voluntary manslaughter |
|
|
Term
| what is involuntary manslaughter? |
|
Definition
| someone is killed due to criminal negligence or recklessness. |
|
|
Term
| what is voluntary manslaughter> |
|
Definition
| when a person intentionally kills someone but in the heat of the moment. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 causes of homicide? |
|
Definition
physical/physiological
psychological
sociological |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 sub categories of physical/physiological causes of homocide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain the genetic form of physical/physiological causes of homicide |
|
Definition
| this focuses on xyy chromosome abnormality in males.. those born with a extra y chromosome. |
|
|
Term
| explain the organic sub category of the physical physiological cause of homicide. |
|
Definition
| this includes tumor or head injuries. the potentially most dangerous symptom of organic disease is uncontrollable rage followed by unpredictable attacks precipitated by trivial provocation. some of these attacks are proceded by a period of increased anxiety and tension that are obvious to others. |
|
|
Term
| what is the potentially most dangerous symptom of organic disease> |
|
Definition
| uncontrollable range, followed by unpredictable attacks precipitated by trivial provocation |
|
|
Term
| what are some of these attacks preceded by? |
|
Definition
| a period of increased anxiety and tension. |
|
|
Term
| what are the two sub categories of the psychological cause of homicide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the second sub category of the psychological cause of homicide> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for pyschoanayltic, when are murderous impulses believed to occur? |
|
Definition
| when there is a basic weakness of the ego or when the function is impaired by fatigue, physical illness, alcohol and drugs. |
|
|
Term
| when can there be a malfuction of the conscious (superego) |
|
Definition
| prolonged separation from the mother, unloving parents, criminal parents and a great depreivation during the first years of life. |
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of the media depictions of homicide> |
|
Definition
| young people are susceptible to insensitive to violent act. |
|
|
Term
| what is the sociological factors of causes of homicide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some environmental factors? |
|
Definition
| bad housing, poor family life, inadequate community resources are related to crime. |
|
|
Term
| what is the second sub category of sociological causes of homicide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is differential association |
|
Definition
| close association with significant others. |
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|
