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Issues and Trends in Canadian Policing
CRJS MRU
25
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 2
02/06/2013

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

2 Distinct Organizational Characteristics of the RCMP

describe how they impact public perception of RCMP

Definition

"Broad Mandate"-Federal, Provincial and Municipal policing

Can they deal at all these levels?

"Nationwide Centralized Recruiting"- All trained at the same place. 

This shows the public that they are all equally trained.

Term
3 Challenges for the First Nations Police Services
Definition

Training &Recruitment

High Poverty Levels& Violent Crime

Shortage of Qualified Candidates on Reserves

 

Term
Importance of Police Acts
Definition
The legislative framework for police services
Term
Policing Standards
Definition
Provisions that set out how police services are to be maintained and delivered
Term
Police Boards
Definition
Bodies that provide and oversight to police
Term
External Review Committee
Definition

oversight body that hears appeals from RCMP members who have been disciplined for an infraction of force regulations.

 

 

Term
Commission for Public Complaints Against RCMP
Definition
An independent federal agency run by civilian bodies which recieves/reviews complaints made by citizens regarding the conduct of the RCMP
Term

What is the most advanced province in Canada in terms of oversight and the civilianizing of accountability, describing two of their police accountability bodies.

 

Definition

ONTARIO

OIPRD-Office of the Independent Police Review Director:recieves and reviews complaints about police.

OCPC- Ontario Civilian Police Commission: Oversees police services in Ontario and hears appeals of officers who have been disciplined.

Term
Public Police & Private Security Officers
Definition

Public Police : Adhere to provincial peace officer act

armed and able to use force, including lethal.

 

Private Security: work for private companies, do not have to adhere to prov act. 

unarmed and no more authority then the avg. citizen to enforce/protect.

Term
Internal and external environment in which Canada police officers carry out their mandate &tasks.
Definition

Internal : organizational features including size, structure, activities &attitudes of leaders, middle manangers, civilian members, patrol officers and investigative officers

 

External: The patterns of crime in the area, relationship of police with other parts of the justice system, requirements imposed by legal legislation, govt policies and court decisions

Term
Compare and contract internal and external environment
Definition
the environment can be either friendly or hostile depending on variety of political, economic and sociodemographic factors and the demands that are made on the police services.
Term
3 models of police complaints and investigations
Definition

Dependent

Interdependent

Independent

Term
Dependent
Definition

Where the police investigate themselves. 

Police investigating police (internal)

and police investigating police (external)

Term
Interdependent
Definition

where there are varying degrees of civilian and police involvement in the investigations

Police investigating- civilian review

&

Police/Civilian Hybrid investigation- Civilian Review

Term
Independent
Definition
Civilians conduct all phases of investigations/reviews
Term

Basic Qualifications

(Core Competencies)

To be a police officer

 

Definition

Canadian citizenship

ability to complete rigorous physical activity

at least gr.12 education

Integrity, Honesty and good judgement

Term
Prefferred qualifications for police candidates
Definition

Knowledge of a second language or culture-

an important skill set in policing a diverse society

volunteer experience

post secondary and work/life experiences

Term
According to Cst. Woods what are some trends in policing?
Definition

there has become a greater diversity among officers

ethnicity/women

emphasis on education is higher

average age is 27

 

Term

Define PEO's (Previously Experienced Officers)

and 2 reasons why they are highly desirable.

Definition

Individuals with previous experience in policing

more life and work experiences, well trained with guns and without guns, they are more mature and have more of an idea to handle situations.

Term

Working Personality of police officer, 3 components

 

 

Definition

set of attitudinal and behavioral attributes of police officers

1. code of silence-protect fellow officers

2. Hyper vigilant-being extremely aware of surroundings

3.Blue Light Syndrome- hegemonic, masculinity, power&authority, being the tough guy

 

Term
Define Hugh and Cry police practices proir to the industrial revolution
Definition
It was the communities responsibility to yell theif and go after the individual and catch him.If they did not help in catching they could be punished.
Term
Define the significance of the Metropolitan Police Act. (1829)
Definition
It was the first full time, unarmed police force established in London. Sir Robert Peel established the "Bobbies" who worked to serve the interests of the civilians.
Term
Contributions of Sir Robert Peel to the field of policing
Definition
mission was for police to prevent crime and disorder, the police had the ability to perform their duties upon the approval of the public. Limitaitons of force: only when persuasion and warning doesnt work.
Term

Pluralisation of policing

and collaborative policing

Definition

Pluralisation :expansion of public police to include parapolice and private security

Collaborative : the cooperation between public and private

 

increasing trend in private security could cause a confusion of power in citizens eyes

Term
3 differences that highlight the unique roll of police in the justice system
Definition

1. police work is carried out in a diverse environment

2.police officers have the authority to detain, and use force/lethal force

3.must make split second decisions based on little or circumstantial eviednce

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