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Definition
| Body system that consists of the bones, joints, connective tissue, and muscles. |
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| Bones consisting of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum. |
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| Bones consisting of the upper and lower extremities, including the pelvic and shoulder girdles. |
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| Of, relating to, or affecting muscular and tendinous tissue. |
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| Point where two bones connect. |
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| A fluid that lubricates the smooth cartilage in joints. |
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| Fibrous protein that forms tough connective tissue. |
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| Section of a control system that serves as a regulatory mechanism; return input as some of the output. |
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Definition
| Elastic fibrous protein found in connective tissue. |
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Definition
| A firm, elastic, flexible, white material found at the ends of ribs, between vertebrae (discs), at joint surfaces, and in the nose and ears. |
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| High-impact, rapid, jerking movements. |
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Definition
| In front or in the front part |
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| In front and to the side, especially the outside |
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Definition
| In front and toward the inner side or midline |
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Definition
| Relating to both front and rear |
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Definition
| Below in relation to another structure; inferior |
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| Above in relation to another structure; higher, superior |
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Definition
| Pertaining or relating to the opposite side |
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Definition
| Beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue |
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Definition
| Situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of orgin. |
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Definition
| Relating to the back; posterior |
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Definition
| Below in relation to another structure;caudal |
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Definition
| On or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane |
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| Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plan |
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Definition
| Behind, in back, or in the rear |
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Definition
| Behind and below; in back and below |
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Definition
| Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside |
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Definition
| Behind and to the inner side |
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Definition
| Behind and at the upper part |
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Definition
| The body lying face downward; stomach lying |
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Definition
| Nearest the trunk or the point of origin |
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Definition
| Near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue |
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Definition
| (supra) above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic |
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Definition
| Lying on the back; face upward position of the body |
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Definition
| Relating to the belly or abdomen |
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Definition
| Relation to palm of the hand or sole of the foot |
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Definition
| The proximal attachment; generally considered the least moveable part or the part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body. |
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Definition
| The distal attachment; generally considered the most moveable part or the part that attaches furthest from the midline or center of the body. |
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Definition
| The elements of the muscle that actually shorten upon contraction; made up mainly of two types of protein: actin and myosin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short, thick contractile filaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, think contractile filaments. |
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Term
| Voluntary muscles tissues |
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Definition
| Receives nerve fibers from the somatic nervous system that can be voluntarily controlled. (e.g., skeletal muscles) |
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Term
| Involuntary muscle tissues |
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Definition
| Receive nerve fibers from the autonomic nervous system and cannot be voluntarily controlled, except in a few rare cases. (e.g., the heart) |
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Definition
| Special sense organs that measure the strain in the muscle and can be used to pre-set the tension of muscles. |
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Definition
| Tiny fibrils that make up a single muscle fiber. |
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Definition
| Jelly-like intracellular fluid found in the muscle fiber. |
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Definition
| Theory stating that a myofibril contracts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other. |
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Definition
| A contraction in which the muscle develops tension but does not shorten. |
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Definition
| A contraction in which the muscle shortens but retains constant tension. |
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Definition
| A contraction in which a muscle shortens and overcomes a resistance. |
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Definition
| A contraction in which a muscle lengthens and is overcome by a resistance. |
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Definition
| A byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism (glycolysis) in anaerobic muscle energetics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle fiber type that contracts quickly and is used most in intensive, short-duration exercises. |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle fiber characterized by its slow speed of contraction and a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A slow-twitch muscle fiber that generates ATP predominantly through the aerobic system of energy transfer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by a fast shortening speed and well-developed capacity for energy transfer from aerobic and anaerobic sources. |
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Definition
| A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by the most rapid shortening velocity and greatest anaerobic potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fast-twitch fiber that results from the ‘fusion’ of Type IIb with surrounding satellite cells. |
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Term
| Size Principle of Fiber Recruitment |
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Definition
| Principle stating that fibers with a high level of reliability are recruited first; those with lower levels of reliability are recruited last. |
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Definition
| Concept stating that a unit is either completely relaxed or fully contracted; it is never partly contracted. |
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Definition
| A built-in protective function of the neuromuscular system in the muscle spindle. |
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Definition
| Specialized sensory receptors located in tendons and muscles sensitive to stretch, tension, and pressure. |
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Definition
| The science of the structure of the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science concerned with the normal vital processes of animal and vegetable organisms. |
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Term
| ATP: Adenosine triphosphate |
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Definition
| An energy-storing compound found in cells, which release energy when needed by the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A high-energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP. |
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Definition
| Organic acid generally found in the muscle as phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) that supplies energy for muscle contraction. |
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Definition
| An increase in the cross-sectional size of a muscle in response to strength training. |
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Definition
| An increase in size and number of tiny blood vessels surrounding cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in number of cells in a tissue or organ, excluding tumor formation, whereby bulk of the part or organ may be increased. |
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