Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ISM 5014
Quiz 1
63
Business
Graduate
01/28/2014

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Information Systems Strategy Triangle
Definition
Information Systems Strategy Triangle relates business strategy with IS strategy and organizational strategy.
Term
strategy
Definition
A strategy is a coordinated set of actions to fulfill objectives, purposes and goals
Strategy starts with a mission
Term
Michael Porter describes how businesses can build a sustainable competitive advantage
Definition
Cost leadership – lowest-cost producer
Differentiation – product is unique
Focus – limited scope
Term
hypercompetition models
Definition
Fits turbulent environments
Enables managers respond instantly and change rapidly
Requires dynamic structures and processes
focus specific competitive advantage is deadly
Term
when is agility the competitive advantage
Definition
hypercompetition models
Term
“winner-take-all” environments
Definition
creative destruction
Term
Destroy Your Business
Definition
GE employees develop strategies to destroy GE’s competitive advantage
Term
Grow Your Business (GYB)
Definition
strategy to find fresh ways to reach new customers and better serve existing ones
Term
Competitive Dynamics Models
Definition
A similar strategy of cannibalizing their own products was used by Apple® and GilletteTM.
Apple introduced the iPhone® while iPod® sales were brisk, and the iPad® while its Macintosh sales were strong
Term
Porter’s
generic
strategies
Definition
Understanding which strategy is
chosen by a firm is critical to choosing IS to complement the strategy
Term
Dynamic
environment
strategies
Definition
IS are critical to achieving the speed needed for moves and countermoves.
IS are in a constant state of flux or development
Term
Porter’s
generic
strategies
Definition
Firms achieve competitive advantage through cost leadership, differentiation, or focus
Term
Dynamic
environment
strategies
Definition
Speed, agility, and aggressive moves and countermoves by a firm create competitive advantage
Term
Organizational strategy
Definition
includes the organization’s design as well as the choices it makes to define, set up, coordinate, and control its work processes
Term
Organizational strategy question
Definition
How will the company organize to achieve its goals and implement its business strategy?”
Term
business diamond
Definition
identifies the crucial components of an organization’s plan as its information/control, people, structure, and tasks.

This simple framework is useful for designing new organizations and for diagnosing organizational troubles
Term
Business
diamond
Definition
There are four key components to an organization’s design: people, structure, tasks, and information/control
Term
Managerial
levers
Definition
Organizational variables, control variables, and cultural variables are the levers managers can use to affect
change in their organization
Term
Managerial
levers
Definition
This is a more detailed model than the Business diamond and gives specific areas where IS can be used to manage the organization and to change the organization
Term
Business
diamond
Definition
Using IS in an organization will affect each of these components. Use this framework to identify where these impacts are likely to occur
Term
IS strategy
Definition
the plan an organization uses to provide information services.
Term
Business strategy is a function
Definition
Competition (What does the customer want and what does the competition do?)
Positioning (In what way does the firm want to compete?)
Capabilities (What can the firm do?). IS help determine the company’s capabilities.
Term
The manager need to combine all the available firm’s resources
Definition
internal and external sources
Term
Internal resources
Definition
Financial, production, human, and information resources,
Term
External resources -
Definition
The Internet and various global opportunities
Term
Information resources
which are either assets or capabilities
Definition
available data, technology, people, and processes available to perform business processes and tasks.
Term
IS infrastructure
Definition
date, technology, people and processes
Term
Information repository
Definition
stored date
Term
Categories of IT Capabilities
Definition
Technical skills
IT management skills
Relationship skills
Term
Categories of IT Capabilities
technical skills
Definition
applied to designing, developing and implementing information systems
Term
Categories of IT Capabilities
IT management skills
Definition
critical for managing the IT function and IT projects.
Require understanding of business processes,
Ability to oversee the development and maintenance of systems to support these processes effectively
Ability to plan and work with the business units in undertaking change.
Term
Categories of IT Capabilities
relationship skills
Definition
can either be externally-focused or spanning across departments.

Relationship skills
Ability to respond to the firm’s market and to work with customers and suppliers.
The relationship between a firm’s IS managers and its business managers is a spanning relationship skill and includes the ability of IS to manage partnerships with the business units.
Relationship skills develop over time and require mutual respect and trust.
Term
Advantages of Information Resource
Definition
Eras I through III – value was derived from scarcity reflected in the cost to produce the information.
Era IV – value was derived from plenitude
Term
Network effects
Definition
is the value of a network node to a person or organization, it increases when others join the network. (i.e. e-mail)
Rather than use production costs to guide the determination of price, information products might be priced to reflect their value to the buyer.
Term
Information resource appropriation
Definition
Determining where a resource’s value lies and how it can be improved in a firm’s favor.
Term
Information resource distribution across firms
Definition
asset - used for making the IT processes

capability - how you learn from the process adnd your ability to do the process
Term
Managers must take multiple view of the strategic landscape
Definition
First view - Porter’s five competitive forces model.
Second view - Porter’s value chain.
Third view – focuses on the types of IS resources needed to gain competitive advantage.
Term
Porter’s five forces model
Definition
Threat of New Entrants: new firms that may enter a companies market.
Bargaining Power of Buyers: the ability of buyers to use their market power to decrease a firm’s competitive position
Bargaining Power of Suppliers: the ability suppliers of the inputs of a product or service to lower a firm’s competitive position
Threat of Substitutes: providers of equivalent or superior alternative products
Industry Competitors: current competitors for the same product
Term
Porter’s Value Chain Model
Definition
addresses the activities that create, deliver, and support a company’s product or service
Term
Porter’s Value Chain Model
Two broad categories:
Definition
Primary activities – relate directly to the value created in a product or service.
Support activities – make it possible for the primary activities to exist and remain coordinated.
Term
When is a resource considered valuable?
Definition
when it enables the firm to become more efficient or effective.
Term
When is a resource considered rare?
Definition
when other firms do not possess it.. For example, banks and ATMs. ATMs are very valuable to the banks in terms of their operations.
Term
interorganizational relationship
Definition
that affords one or more companies in the relationship a strategic advantage

functioned by IT
Term
Hierarchical Organizational Structure
Definition
an organizational form based on the concepts of division of labor, specialization, spans of control, and unity of command.
Key decisions are made at the top and filter down through the organization.
Term
Hierarchical structures are sometimes called
Definition
vertical structures
Term
Flat Organization Structure
Definition
Horizontal, less well-defined chain of command.
Fewer employees, everyone does whatever needs to be done in order to complete business.
Respond quickly to dynamic, uncertain environments.
Appropriate for entrepreneurial and smaller organizations
Term
Matrix Organization Structure
Definition
Appropriate for complex decision making and dynamic and uncertain environments

two supervisors
Term
Networked Organization Structure
Definition
Feel flat and hierarchical at the same time.

Networked organizations are defined by their ability to promote creativity and flexibility while maintaining operational process control.
Term
Technological leveling
Definition
technology enables individuals from all parts of the organization to reach all other parts of the organization
Term
Social network
Definition
an IT-enabled network that links individuals together in ways that enables them to find experts, get to know colleagues, and see who has relevant experience for projects across traditional organization lines.
Term
management control processes
Definition
Data collection, Evaluation, and Communication
Term
Management Control
Definition
Concerned with how planning is performed in organizations and how people and processes are monitored, evaluated, and compensated or rewarded.
Term
Management Control: PLANNNING
Definition
date

scenario senstivity analysis,stimulations

automate planning process

create strategic plan
Term
Management Control: DATE CONTROL
Definition
An important part of management control lies in making sure that individuals perform appropriately.
IS can streamline the process of data collection (i.e., monitoring), and support performance measurement and evaluation, as well as compensation through salaries, incentives, and rewards.
Term
Culture
Definition
shared “set of values and beliefs
Term
Culture has layers:
Definition
observable artifacts, values, and assumptions.
Term
Hofstede originally identified four major dimensions of national culture:
Definition
Power distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism-collectivism
Masculinity-femininity
Confusian Work Dynamism (a new dimension) or “short-term vs. long-term orientation
Term
three ways in which new IT alters
Definition
Creating new types of work.
Enabling new ways to do traditional work.
Supporting new ways to manage talent.
Term
Telecommuting
Definition
work arrangements with employers that allow employees to work from home, at a customer site, or from other convenient locations instead of the corporate office
Term
“BYOD”
Definition
- remote workers have their own computers in the location where they work.
Term
vrtual teams
Definition
Two or more people who:
Work together interdependently with mutual accountability for achieving common goals.
Do not work in the same place and/or at the same time.
Use electronic communication technology to communicate, coordinate
Term
Disadvantages and Challenges of Virtual Teams
Definition
Different time zones.
Security is harder to ensure.
Considerable number of challenges that could turn into disadvantages (Figure 4.7).
Electronic communications may not allow the person to convey nuances that are possible with face-to-face conversation.
Trust may be slower to form.
Diversity of team members (languages, nations, cultures, etc.).
Term
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Definition
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

TAM suggests that managers cannot get employees to use a system until they want to use it.
Managers may need to employ unfreezing aka MOTIVATON
Supporting users have an ad free experience!