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Islamic Art and Architecture
Islamic Art History at RISD
26
Art History
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2018

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition
Mosque of Ibn Tulun

- T-Plan and Hypostyle
- Large Courtyard - 92 m
- The minaret isn't from Egypt, it originates from Samarra
- The Decoration is Secondary to the Architecture
- 2 Center Arches
Term
[image]
Definition
Abu Dulaf Mosque

- Very Similar to the Great Mosque of Samarra
- Walls were open to the people and not just open in one area
- Large spiral minaret
Term
[image]
Definition
The Great Mosque of Kairouan

- Made of Stone and Brick
- Punctuated by two domes
- T-Plan and Hypostyle
- Where we see the dome, it indicates the qibla wall
- The dome outshines the rest of the architecture because more attention should be focused on the qibla wall
- First mosque with the mihrab in the shappe of a dome
Term
Sahn (courtyard)
Definition
The most fundamental necessity of congregational mosque architecture is that it be able to hold the entire male population of a city or town (women are welcome to attend Friday prayers, but not required to do so)
Term
Mihrab (niche)
Definition
- The direction of Mecca is called the qibla, and so the wall in which the mihrab is set is called the qibla wall.

- No matter where a mosque is, its mihrab indicates the direction of Mecca (or as near that direction as science and geography were able to place it).
Term
Minaret (tower)
Definition
a tower adjacent or attached to a mosque, from which the call to prayer is announced.

- The famous spiral minaret of Samarra, to the tall, pencil minarets of Ottoman Turkey. Not solely functional in nature, the minaret serves as a powerful visual reminder of the presence of Islam.
Term
Qubba (dome)
Definition
- a dome does possess significance within the mosque—as a symbolic representation of the vault of heaven.
- The interior decoration of a dome often emphasizes this symbolism, using intricate geometric, stellate, or vegetal motifs to create breathtaking patterns meant to awe and inspire.
- In mosques with only a single dome, it is invariably found surmounting the qibla wall, the holiest section of the mosque. The Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia has three domes: one atop the minaret, one above the entrance to the prayer hall, and one above the qibla wall.
Term
Themes of Islamic Art
Definition
Geometric and vegetative motifs
Calligraphy (Qua'ran)
Singular God
No representations of God
Term
Baghdad
Definition
The Round City of Peace
- Imperialistic
- Lots of Philosophic ties
- The literal translation of Baghdad = God Given
- 2km in Diameter
- 30m high walls
- The royal mosque -- the mosque in Baghdad was attached to the Royal Palace.

Abassid
Term
[image]
Definition
The Great Mosque of Samarra

- Material: Mud Bricks and Baked Bricks -- which were typically used for monuments (important structures)

- Most people think the spiral minaret was influenced by the Mesopotamian ziggurat.
Term
[image]
Definition
The Great Mosque of Damascus

- Hypostyle
- Many columns
- Minarets
- Qibla
- Mosaic work: the motifs are vegetal
- Dome of the Treasury --> for offerings
Term
Samarra
Definition
- 40 km
- The capital of the Abbasids
- Al Moutasem - Caliph in 836 CE
- Home to 8 Caliphs
- Was the capital for a short time before renaming Baghdad the capital once again
Term
Tesselation
Definition
The process or art of tessellating a surface, or the state of being tessellated.

- An arrangement of shapes closely fitted together, especially of polygons in a repeated pattern without gaps or overlapping.
Term
Arabesque
Definition
Simplified and abstracted style wise
Term
Ummayad
Definition
Came first. They were categorized as adaptation and juxtaposition.
Term
Abbasid
Definition
Geometry and SImplicity. They were seen as purifications and simplifications of the Ummayads.

Inspired by Byzantine.
Term
Kaaba
Definition
Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it is the holiest shrine in Islam.

The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times. Muslims believe that Abraham—known as Ibrahim in the Islamic tradition—and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba.
Term
4 Elements of the Ummayad Ornament
Definition
Abstract and Vegetal Forms
Geometric Patterns
Calligraphy
Some Figural Decoration
Term
Hammam
Definition
Bath
Term
Haram
Definition
Something holy or sacred
Term
Imam
Definition
Leader, especially of ritual prayer
Term
Qibla
Definition
The direction of prayer towards the Ka'ba in Mecca
Term
Minbar
Definition
Pulpit in a congregational Mosque from which the sermon is delivered during worship on Fridays.
Term
Sasanian
Definition
More related to
Term
Byzantine
Definition
Appears as an imperialistic thing. It is inspired by the Romans. Mosaic tiles showed an infinity
Term
Abbasid Decoration of the Architecture
Definition
Style A: Vegetal and Geometric
Style B: Freehanded
Style C: Infinite --> Tesselations
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