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| a high title of nobility or office, used throughout the Muslim world |
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| an independent Muslim-ruled principality, usually an emirate or petty kingdom -- a number formed in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031 |
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| Angular, upright script largely used for early Qurans and architectural inscriptions |
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| (lit. “beautiful writing”) a type of visual art |
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| A building or group of buildings used for teaching Islamic theology and religious law |
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| Arabic word for stalactite vault, an architectural ornament. It involves three-dimensional architectural decorations composed of niche-like elements arranged in tiers. The two-dimensional consists of a small variety of simple geometrical elements. |
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| A term introduced by Grabar – an image depicting the lifestyle of “wine, women, and song” |
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| "handwritten" - written information that has been manually created by someone or some people as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way |
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| westernmost territories that have fallen to the Islamic conquests of the 7th century |
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| powerful governor of a province within the caliphate |
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| "the Recapturing" was a period of almost 800 years in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus |
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| “closed-off space” near the Mihrab or the center of the qiblah wall, which was originally designed to shield a worshiping ruler from assassins |
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| a decorative element found in medieval art. In interlace, bands or portions of other motifs are looped, braided, and knotted in complex geometric patterns, often to fill a space |
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| a technical drawing instrument used by draftsmen primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines |
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| an instrument for describing circles |
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| In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object |
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| A type of theme of recurring events or objects that repeat in a predictable manner |
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| A distinctive and recurring form, shape, figure, etc., in a design |
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| Moorish Iberia - describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims (Moors) |
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