Term
|
Definition
| Arabic root "surrender" and "peace." Arabic word: "To turn oneself over, to resign oneself, to submit." "Submission to god." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having faith, personal faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Son of Abdullah, born 570, recieved first revelation in the cave of Hara, angel Gabriel told prophet to repeat after him and that was the first verse,
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wealthiest merchant, fell in love with prophet, asked him to marry her, very pious woman, represents the ideal wife (equal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prophet's heavenly ascension to the seven heavens (one for each prophet) and to god. Also symbolizes man's potential to go verticle w/god, one has to reach perfection to achieve this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gabriel appears with beast-like creature with a covered face, prophet sat on it and rode it from Mecca to Jerusalem, vertical journey started and went through seven heavens with former prophets, Gabriel took him two elbows away from the throne of god, Five Pillars of Islam resulted from this, whole thing took place outside time and space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prophet and his followers' migration from Mecca to Medina. Marks the new year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The expression of faith: La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammadun rasulullah, which translates into, "There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." Must be recited in Arabic and with two witnesses. The first pillar of Islam. Muslims recite this frequently. It's incorporated into the daily prayers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| God's unity, god's oneness, affirmation of this oneness (associated with first pillar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person who leaves Islam and adopts another religion, some believe punnishment is death, depends on the school of thought, geological setting, and time setting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
five times a day: dawn, noon, afternoon, early evening, night. must be done in a state of purity, action in which body and soul participate actively, social and communal meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Islamic law, ethical and moral code |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recorded speach of the prophet, first person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
daily prayer, five times a day, started once a person becomes an adult, standing in divine presence, leave world of material behind, enter spirit's presence recite prayers, touch ground with forehead (reminds man of animal state), rise up again in God's presence, rise perfect state of human being-repeated a number of times depending on the day. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
practice of fasting (Ramadan), must be done by every healthy person, one whole month a year from dawn to dusk fasting= no eating, drinking, sexual activity, one should not think evil, see evil, do evil. when one empties oneself one fills oneself with the remembrance of god. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make up the debt of not completing Ramadan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to purify one's material longings and wealth, tax 2.5% of networth when the networth exceeds the minimum level, the money goes to community and poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pilgrimage to Mecca, Kaabah sits in the middle (towards which Muslims pray), wear a white shroud when starting the Hajj to symbolize purity |
|
|
Term
| Jihad (Possible Sixth Pillar) |
|
Definition
| asserting oneself spirtually, inward struggle for purification and every action concerning that struggle is jihad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fight in the cause of god, war, kill and get killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prophet makes last pilgrimage to Mecca at 632, prophet and angel reviewed the Qur'an twice (angel knew prophet was going to die, wanted to make sure everything was understood), three months later prophet dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successor to prophet, ruled using Qur'an and intellect, political leader, possible separation of religion and state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| third caliph, complation of the sacred texts, 644-656 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
taking an oath of allegiance with ruler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonarab muslims, also means slave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
built by descendant of prophet's youngest uncle named Abbas ibnAbd al-Muttalib, moved capital from Damascus to Baghdad, Saladin led the resistance against European crusades and recaptured Palestine, dynasty lasted two centuries, Mongols ended empire by raiding everything |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| law showing mercy to certain crimes (petty), committed because something is wrong with society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very important philosophy book that was translated into arabic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Al Kindi was a tutor to the son of caliph, one of greatest philosophers, founded the school |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commented on all works of Aristotle, wrote 70 works half of which are on logic, was concerned with the question/issue of faith and reason, believed in knowledge through reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrote "Canon", wrote about Kalam, which is Islamic theology, died at 57 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became Sufi, key member of Asharite School, reputed the Mutazilites, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founded by Suhrawardi, decisive necessity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. God is one and there is no "second in command" or whatever 2. He is the god and he is everything but everything is not him 3. Amr bil Ma'ruf wa Nahy an al Munkar- promoting good, how to be good, some people believe this is between a Muslim and god and others believe it needs to be enforced 4.Wad wa al waid?- duty to worship: god will reward, god does not forget, 5.al-amr bayn al-armrayn?- god is neither condemning everyone or of the utmost degree of faith (forgives everything if one repents) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those who defected from camp of Ali, believe that one single sin is eternal damnation |
|
|
Term
| House of Wisdom "Dar al-Hikmah" |
|
Definition
| during golden age, intellectual place. Al Namun established it. Every source in every field of knowledge was translated into Arabic: "translation movement" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| word that always was w/god |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nature of god beyond human capacity, man has no power to create anything, God's will says be and it is, no cause and effect: it's god's will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free will, cause and effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
politician, poet, philosopher, Shiite theology, wrote Kitab al-Tajrid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created from clay, combines qualities of light and clay, most famous one is Iblis, jinn can either follow the prophet or follow Iblis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| five daily salats per day, form of prayer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unforgivable sin, associating others with god, thinking anything other than god could share his attributes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tashbih is god's similarity with his creatures and Tanzih is god's incomparability with his creatures. |
|
|
Term
| Basic Meanings of the Word "Islam" |
|
Definition
1. the submission of the whole of creation to its Creator 2. the submission of human beings to te guidance of God as revealed through the prophets 3. the submission of the followers of Muhammad to God's practical instructions The third one is the Islam: the rest are submission. |
|
|
