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| The short opening surah of the Qur’an, recited at least 17 times every day that begins “In the name of Allah, the Beneficient, the Merciful.” |
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| Traditional report about the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad taken as a foundation for conduct or doctrine. |
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| Revelation, recitation, message; Muslim scripture. |
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| Islamic law that governs everyday conduct and activities. |
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| A chapter in the Qur’an. There are 114 in all, arranged mainly in decreasing order of length except for the first (the Fatihah) |
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| Legal opinion or interpretation issued upon request by legal expert to either judges or private individuals. |
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| To strive or struggle. Exerting oneself to realize the will of God. Also, known as armed struggle or holy war. |
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| Rejecting belief; implies lack of gratitude for God’s grace. |
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| Central affirmation of Islam. “There is no God but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God.” |
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| Idolatry, polytheism, or associationism. To associate any other deity, person, or thing with God. |
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| Oneness. Unity and uniqueness of God; absolute monotheism. |
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| Seclusion or the covering of a woman in public, particularly the seclusion of women from men who are not family. |
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| The cycle of recitation, movements, and prayers that comprises one unit of salat. |
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| Ritual prayer or five formal prayers during the day. |
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| Fasting during the month of Ramadan. |
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| Walking around the ka’ba seven times as part of the rites of the hajj. |
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| Ritual cleansing required prior to prayer. |
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| Almsgiving. 2.5 percent tithe on one’s net worth to help the poor is required of all Muslims. |
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| Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem the location of Muhammad’s stop during his night vision to heaven. |
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| The city in Iraq where Hussein the son of Ali was killed. |
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| The holiest place of Islam and site of the Ka’ba. |
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| The second holiest place in Islam where Muhammad created the Muslim community. |
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| Muslim place of prayer and worship. |
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| The “tenth” of the Muslim month of Muharram when Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (Hussein) at Karbala. |
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| the festival of sacrifice, the last day of the hajj. |
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| Festival of the breaking of the fast, the end of Ramadan follows the sighting of the new moon |
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| Annual pilgrimage to Mecca required of all Muslims at least once in their lifetime celebrated each year during the last Muslim lunar month, Dhul-Hijjah. |
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| The month throughout which Muslims fast during daylight hours in celebration of the revelation of the Qur’an and the victory at Badr. |
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| Lesser pilgrimage to Mecca which can be performed any time of the year. |
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| Call to prayer before each salat. |
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| Traditional garment worn in public (Iran) covering a women from head to foot. Known as burqa in Afghanistan. |
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| The favored traditional color of Islam because paradise to a desert dwelling people was felt to be lush and green and Muhammad also had a green banner. |
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| Arabic word for veil or external coverning. Can consist of headscarf alone or full body covering. |
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| Two sheets of cloth used as clothing by men during the hajj. |
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| The cuboid building in the center of Mecca built by Abrahim and Isma”il, the earthly focus of prayer. |
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| Symbolizes the crescent moon that begins each new month. |
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