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| spiritual guide, persian equivalent of shaykh |
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| student of sufi (shaykh/pir is master), imp relationship bw the two |
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| “remembrance”, meditation on the names of God |
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| fana (“annihilation”) associated w/ ecstatic sufis, feeling of being one with god, is endpoint for them. Baqa: persistance in/abiding in God, goal of sober sufis. Fana is state, baqa is station |
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| place where somebody is in their progression as a sufi (ex, sincerity, care, fear, repentence) |
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| way of Sufism (v. Shariah), considered completion of shariah, also name for a group/brotherhood of sufis (led by shaykh) |
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| name for any islamic school of law (as entity), actual location of school= madrassa |
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| islamic jurisprudence, shariah law |
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| personal reasoning, least convincing source of legal tafsir |
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| Study of theology, issues such as predestination v free will (most mainstream Sunni thinking= that there is free will, but god knows what will happen, ummiyad caliphate used predestination as a sort of manifest destiny), attributes of God, justice, created/uncreated Quran |
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| noon prayer on Friday, most obligatory prayer (should go to mosque, pray with others) |
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| required/obligatory actions |
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| “consensus” (my people cannot agree upon an error), source of legal tafsir |
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| quran->sunna->ijma (“consensus”)->qiya (reasoning by analogy) ->ray (personal reasoning) |
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| “recitation”. 114 sura (verse= aya/ ayat) presented in order of length, divided into either 30 or 7 books, revealed 610-622, embodied word of God. Codified by Uthman around 640, destroyed all other versions |
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| structure in Mecca, used to be a sort of shrine to all Gods worshipped, was cleared of idols after Prophet returned in 630, currently pilgrimage site for hajj |
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| vague monotheists in time before islam (Muhammad thought to be one of these). Persecuted around 615 by quraysh, prophet helped them find safety in abysinia |
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| prophet (rasul= messenger). Prophet is similar to a poet, ecstatic utterings, led people to battle. (Messenger= direct conduit of God’s word) |
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| believer, one who has iman |
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| “visitors”, umma that moved from mecca to medina |
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| “helpers”, natives of Yathrib (Medina) that allow the prophet’s followers from Mecca to establish themselves there |
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| idolatry, worshipping things other than god |
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| wife of Muhammad, daughter of Abu Bakr |
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| shahada, hajj, zakat, 5 prayers daily, ramadan |
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| belief in one god, angels, prophets, last day, holy books, decrees/ predestination of God |
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Prophet questioned by Gabriel
Questions: What is submission/islam (5 pillars), what is faith/iman (have faith in gods actions/ measuring out, use mind to search for knowledge), what is doing the beautiful/ihsan (worship god as if you see him, dhikr/remembrance), what is the last day (nobody knows but God), what are signs of last day (slave gives birth to master, barefoot naked destitute shepherds vying in building????) |
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| direction of mecca, believers orient themselves in this direction during prayer, are modern iPhone apps to help with this |
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| Prophet's first wife, successful businesswoman, died 619 |
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| “innovation”: desired to an extent, but bad if too much, not supported by quran, etc |
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| quraysh/ummayad family (of which uthman was a member): declared war against Ali in 657 over uthman’s death. Are about to lose battle of Siffin when they ask for arbitration, which Ali grants (unpopularly). Later form ummayad dynasty in 680 after husayn’s death |
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| strict rationalists, believe in free will, created nature of quran (considered a legitimate school of law) |
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| try to kill Ali because he didn’t kill muawiyah, thought he had forfeited his rights as ruler (were a theological school, not afraid to condemn apostates) |
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| confession, “there is no god but god and muhammad is the prophet of god” |
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| "interpretation" (in law) |
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| majority group (about 90%) |
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| minority group, believes in hereditary line of Prophet (ahl al-bayt) as source of authority (are Imams), actual authority is mullahs. Focus on Ali and Husayn, believe in return of Mahdi at end of time to intercede. 7ers (Ismail) and 12ers (mussah). Have different sunna |
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| imam: worship/community leader in sunni tradition. Imam= infallible/divinely guided leader and descendant of prophet in Shi’ism |
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| “time of ignorance”: period before Islam, became synonymous with barbarism |
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| bodily struggle (fighting, or doing good work) (itjihad: internal struggle) |
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