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| Holiest city, has Ka'ba, Muhammad born here in 570 CE |
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2nd holiest city
First Muslim community established here |
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| Largest tribe in Mecca, Muhammad's tribe |
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Living in ignorance of God and the Qur'an
Anyone not following Islam
Paganism |
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Muhammad's wife
"mother of the believers" |
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622 CE
Migration from Mecca to Medina made by Muhammad and his followers |
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Dates begin at 622CE at time of migration to Medina
Lunar calandar |
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Transnational community of believers
"Community of Believers" |
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Islamic sacred text
Written in Arabic
Compiled by Uthman, 3rd Caliph |
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Stories of the words and deeds of Muhammad
Main source of Muhammad's life |
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| Biography of Muhammad's life |
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Deeds, sayings, and approval of Muhammad
Found in Qu'ran and Hadith |
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Direction Muslims should face when praying during salat
Shows unity of Muslims under one God |
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"Struggles"
Internal struggle, struggle to improve Muslim society, and struggle to deffend Islam
Also implies warfare
Greater jihad is a personal struggle |
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First surah of the Qur'an
Prayer for guidance |
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Islam's monotheism concept
God is one and unique |
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| People who reject the truth (Islam) |
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| Sin of idolatry or beliefe in polytheism |
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People of the scripture
ex) Jews, Christians |
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Five basic acts in Islam that are obligatory for all Muslims.
Sign of commitment to the faith
Monotheism. Prayer. Fasting. Almsgiving. Pilgrimage. |
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| A saying professing monotheism and accepting Muhammad as God's messenger |
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Islamic prayer
Consists of 5 prayers for different times of the day
Friday is special day of prayer |
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Almsgiving
2.5% of income
Done to eliminate inequalityy
Voluntary charity, NOT to achieve additional divine reward |
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Fasting
- Reminds self of need for God
- put more effort into following teachings during Ramadan |
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| Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Islamic month of fasting (9th month)
Obligatory atleast once in life
Seek nearness to God especially during this time |
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| Person who calls you to prayer |
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Arabic word for "mosque"
Place of worship for Muslims |
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| Name for the for rulers after death of Muhammad |
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First Caliph
Muhammad's father-in-law, first Muslim convert
2 successful campaigns against Persian and Byzantine empire |
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2nd Caliph
A lot of land conquered, Islamic empire expanded
Great political and military leader |
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3rd Caliph
- wrote and compiled the Qur'an
- expanded empire
-chosen from the committee
- Martyred, egyptians killed him |
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4th caliph
- first civil war because Uthman's family wanted revenge against the Egyptians (Alis side) |
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Ruler of Ummah
Represents politcal unity of Muslims
Impements governmental system |
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(661-750)
Heredital kingship -passed down
Muawiyaa becomes Caliph |
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Caliph who began tradition of passing Caliph down to son
Relative of Ali, didn't like Ali and became Caliph after his death
Found Umayyad dynasty |
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Culture flourishes
Capital moved to Baghdad, shift eastward
Transforms what it means to be a caliph
Islam has a civilization quality, art |
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750 - 1258
Kept hereditary tradition
Islam redefined, arts and culture flourished
Theologians started to write books, theological schools
Shariah - Islamic law |
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2nd largest denominate after Sunni
Think Ali should be in charge
3 main sects
-5'ers , 7'ers , 12'ers |
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Ali's son who fought to get power back to his family
Martyred by Yazid's army
Muhammad's grandson |
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Prayer leader
Among Muhammad's descendants with special spiritual and political authotity over the community
Have divine knowledge, authority, and infallibility |
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| Idea that an imam went into hiding and will return to fill the world with justice |
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Islamic mysticism
Gained support as a reaction against worldliness of the Umayyad Caliphate |
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