Hagar

slave, Abraham has child with her because Sarah can’t get pregnant; child is Ishmael 

Ishmael

child of Hagar and Abraham; builds the Kabba 

Hajj

one of the five pillars of Islam, trip to Mecca to pray at the Kabba 

Shahada

“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God” 

Ar-Raman

Salat

         Formal prayer, 5 times a day, one of the pillars of Islam 

Ar-Rahim

Merciful- Name for allah, tool for conversion

Sawm

fasting during the month of Ramadan, one of the pillars 

Gabriel

Angel that comes to Muhammad, reads him the teachings of the Qur’an 

Zakat

Legal almsgiving, pillar of Islam

Ramadan

Holy month of fasting; commemorates when the Qur’an was first revealed

Ka'ba

Sacred shrine in Mecca; considered God’s home on Earth, built by Abraham; pray towards it 

Rakat

movements and words during the praying

Ihram

State of purity and dedication that one enters when going on the Hajj to Mecca

Tawaf

The circling of the Ka’ba in a counterclockwise direction

Qibla

direction you have to face when praying; towards Mecca

Mount Hira

Place Muhammad went by himself to receive his revelations

zamzam

well that appears and saves Ishmael from dying of thirst, later dug up

Ansaris

“helper”, two tribes that helped Muhammad arrive in Medina

Badr

Mountain where battle between Mecca and Medina takes place

Uhud

Between Mecca and Medina where battle takes place, Muslims have to withdraw

Bani Qurayzah

Jewish tribe that betrays Muhammad and Muslims

Ka'd ibn-Al Ashraf

poet that must be killed, a threat to Muhammad, words = power

Hamzah

Muhammad's closest follower that is killed in battle at Uhud

A'isha

8-year-old wife

Hijjrah

622 CE, immigration of Muhammad and Muslims from Mecca to Medina

Muhajirah

Muhammad’s followers; killed in battle

Ali

shi’ite party founder, grandson of Muhammad, people believe he should’ve taken over

Yazid

Sunni leader that Husayn was trying to overthrow

Husayn

Grandson of Muhammad, leader of Shi’ite

Karbala

Place where Husayn was martyred

Sunni

Majority of Muslims, don’t believe a relative of Muhammad has to be leader

Aminah

Muhammad’s mother

Abd Allah

Muhammad’s dad

Nestor

monk who declares Muhammad a profit

Khadijah

previous boss, later his wife

Year of the Elephant

Elephant saved Ka’ba by sitting down

Miracle of the Birds

birds dropped stones on opposing army killing them

Qur'an

Islamic sacred texts, revealed to Muhammad by Gabriel; considered to be the word of God 

Mecca

where Ka’ba is located, location of Hajj, sacred city for Muslims

Medina

Where Muslims emigrated when they were exiled from Mecca

Umma

The Muslim worldwide community

Fatima

Muhammad’s daughter, one of the 5 panjas

Baraka

Spiritual power that is in holy people and places

Jhoola

cradle in procession; baby Asghar

Dargah

Pre-figuration of Heaven- tombs of saints

Taboot

Husayn’s coffin in the procession

Muharram

commemorating Husayn’s martyrdom

Kara (iron bracelet)

Worn by people during 10^th day of Muharram in procession, represents the women and children sold into slavery when Husayn was killed            

Zujenah

Husayn’s horse, symbolic in the parade of Muharram

Shi'ite

Minority of Muslims that believe Muhammad’s son should have taken over and that family lineage should rule the religion

Panja

5 fingers on a palm representing the five family members MUHAMMADS FAMILY ALL HAVE HONORS

Alam

Banner;  Has panja on it, carried during Ashura

Ashura

10th day of Muharram commemorating HU

Mattam

whipping with chains to repent to Husayn for not supporting him

Shemr

Person that beheaded Husayn

Mahdi

 Final prophet who comes right before Day of Judgment

Occultation

the belief that there will be another prophet to come after Muhammad

Imam

“leader”, specifically of prayer service

Ismah

14 Infallibles; don’t have error or sin

Mahr

“gift”, given to bride from groom, can’t be taken away at marriage

Waqil

represents bride through marriage negotiation

Al-Furqan

meeting Muhammad makes your true self-revealed

Mudhammam

negative wordplay on Muhammad; means “blamed” 

Yathrib

Came to be known as Medina

Buraq

Winged horse that takes Muhammad to heaven

Dome of the Rock

where Muhammad left to go to heaven from

The Night of Worth

Night Gabriel sent to Muhammad and they visit heaven

Qaswa

favorite camel that he makes trip from Mecca to Medina 

Foundation Stone

two green foundation rocks that cannot be moved from Ka’ba

Year of Sadness

619 year Muhammad’s wife and uncle die

Fitra

the original framework or nature of humans created by God- born a Muslim

Tafsir

Interpretation of the Qur’an; various types

Fiqh

“understanding” relating to religious law; Islamic jurisprudence

Taqlid

simple reasoning of Islamic Law by precedent

Itihad

Deciding something independently; not using previous events to find an answer; Islam reformers

Sunna

Actions and words of Muhammad, second to the Qur’an in looking for guidance

Hadith

stories of Muhammad

Sharia

The “way” of Islam (law and governance) according to Qur’an and Sunna

Sufi

religious leaders with mystical powers

Halal

Anything that is permissible under Islamic law; specifically relating to rules with food

Islam

Literally means “submission”, name of the true religion

Iman

“faith”, one who believes