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| - monotheistic religion following the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, and the Qu’ran. “submission” |
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| an adherent of islam “one who submits to God” |
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| “the recitation” central religious text of islam. Revealed to Muhammad by angel gabriel |
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| founder of Islam. Messenger and prophet of God. |
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| the concept of monotheism in Islam. Holds God is one and unique. Maintaining the unity of God. |
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| “association” Muslim term for the great sin of idolatry or associating something else with God. |
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| The muslim formula bearing witness to the unity of God: “I testify that there is no God but God; I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God” |
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| “genie” a supernatural creature which possesses free will. Sura named after them al-jinn. Either good or evil. |
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| - an evil genie in islam. Is the name of the primary devil in islam. |
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| required Muslim ritual of prayer five times a day. |
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| the required Muslim practice of alms giving or wealth sharing |
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| required Muslim fasting during the Month of Ramadan. |
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| annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| state of major ritual impurity caused by discharge of sperm, intercourse, or menstration. |
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| place of communal worship in Islam. |
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| niche in in the mosque wall indicating the direction to Mecca |
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| - the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays (toward Mecca) |
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| distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques. Minarets are generally tall spires with onion-shaped crowns, usually either free standing or much taller than any surrounding support structure |
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| "Cube" is a cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the most sacred site in Islam.[2] The building is more than two thousand years old,[citation needed] and according to Islamic tradition the first building at the site was built by Abraham (Ibrahim). The building has a mosque built around it, the Masjid al-Haram. All Muslims around the world face towards the Kaaba during prayers, no matter where they are. |
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| emigration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622CE |
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| - a saying or tradition of the prophet Muhammad transmitted through a trustworthy chain of reporters; the collection of hadiths. |
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| “custom” or “way of acting” primarily of the prophet Muhammad; the prophet’s sunnah is know through the hadiths. |
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| striving for religious perfection and for God’s cause including bearing arms in defense of Islam is necessary. |
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| Muhammad’s first revelation at the age of 40. His first reaction: fear and doubt. Reassured by his Christian relative Waraqa. Given the first words of the quran. |
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| (620): Muhammad experienced being carried to Jerusalem from where he ascended toward the highest heaven and beyond. |
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| a community having a common religion; especially the Muslim community. |
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| - Islamic law, based on the Quran and on the sunnah of the prophet |
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| Independent legal reasoning in Islam; one who does this is a mujtahid. |
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| term for the Muslim majority, those who acknowledge the first four caliphs and the interpretation of the quran and the prophet’s sunnah by the orthodox ‘ulama (religious scholars) |
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| the “faction” of ‘Ali that believes that ‘ali and his descendants are the proper successors of the Prophet Muhammad; today, one of the two main divisions in Islam, representing about 1/6th of the world’s muslims |
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| Nephew and son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad and the 4th caliph considered by shi’ites to be the first imam or successor to Muhammad. |
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| - Islamic scholar and leader, especially in ritual prayer; for shi’ites, the proper successors to the Prophet are called Imams |
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| one who follows the mystical path of Islam. |
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| deputy,” also “successor” to the prophet Muhammad as leader of islam. |
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| - a female muslim sufi qalandar saint. She never married and regarded God as her lover. She is famous for saying that she sought God not because of fear of hell or desire for heaven but for God’s own sake |
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| great thinker who synthesized orthodox Islamic thought and Sufism. established the first Sufi order or brotherhood. |
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| Expressed Sufi teachings in poetry; founded the order of the “whirling dervishes.” |
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| al-Hallaj (under “Islamic Mysticism: the Sufis”)- |
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| a Persian mystic, writer and teacher of Sufism most famous for his apparent, but disputed, self-proclaimed divinity, his poetry and for his execution for heresy. Described mystical union with God as a Moth that circles ever closer to the candle’s flame and is finally united with it by being consumed by it. |
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| Caliphate ruling much of the Muslim world from Istanbul from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries. |
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| Muslim dynasty established by the Mongols in India. |
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| ruler of Mughal empire 1556-1605. Grandson of Babur, very tolerant attitude toward hindus. Policy of universal religious toleration. Tried to establish a new religion the divine wisdom, a synthesis of muslim, hindu, sorastrians, jains and Christian. |
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| a grand muslim building from the Mughal period in India. Built by Shah Jahan |
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| - school in the classical period of Islam that accepted reason as a primary criterion for establishing beliefs |
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| A strict reform movement founded in Arabia in the 18th century and influential throughout Islam. |
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| - “pronouncement” “remembrance” Spiritual exercises in sufism focusing the consciousness on God. Sufi sacred ceremony |
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| ultimate state of unity with God. Stability not ecstasy. |
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| a member of the Sufi Muslim ascetic sect called the Tariqah, known for their extreme poverty and austerity |
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| “elder” elder of a Sufi tribe, wise man, Islamic scholar. Sufi elder |
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| Sufi’s belief in blessings from a spiritual power believed to be possessed by certain persons, objects or tombs. |
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