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| "remembering" God's name. Sufis repeat this in rythmic chant, dancing in a circle. |
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| non-Muslim religious minorities accorded tolerated status in Islamic society. Jews and christians, referred to as "people of the book" |
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| "passing away", a supreme stage of ecstasy in Sufi mystical tradition |
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| A sufi ascetic, from the Arabic word for "poor", the corresponding Persian word is "darvish" |
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| short, oft-recited opening surah of the quaran, which praises God as lord of the universe and the day of judgement and asks for divine guidance |
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| a ruling issued by a traditional religio-legal authority, who is termed a mufti. |
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| jurisprudence, the principles of law. the body of specific regulations is termed the shari'ah, while fiqh is the theoretical analysis of them |
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| hiding "occulation" from which the Mahdi (12th imam) will return |
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| texts containing Muhammads words and examples, taken by muslims as a foundation for conduct and doctrine. a hadith is an individual unit of this literature, Hadith is all of it |
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| ritually acceptable (in context of slaughter of animals to eat) kinda like kosher |
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| a type of pre-islam arab with monotheistic tendencies. these are separate from Jews, and cannot be conclusively connected with Christian community |
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forbidden, as in action, taboo.
another pronunciation means reserved. |
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| a woman's veil or head covering |
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| Muhammad's migration to Makkah to establish a community in Madinah. occured in 622 CE |
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| the holiday that celebrates breaking the month long daylight fast and the end of Ramadan. |
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| the consensus of the community's religio legal scholars, used as a principle for extending application of islamic law |
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| process of developing legal opinions. closing the gate of this means fixing the legal system |
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| "twelvers" Shi'is who recognize as legitimate heirs to the prophets authority a succession of twelve imams, the last of whom is the Mahdi. |
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| "sevener's" Shi'is whose lineage runs through Isma'il the seventh imam and continues to Agha kahn. |
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| the pedigree or chain naming the transmitters of a unit of hadith, with which the individual unit begins |
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| ignorance or barbarism, a muslim term characterizing arabia before islam as unredeemed before the preaching of the quaran |
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| struggle in defense of faith. |
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| poll tax levied on non muslims in early caliphate. it could be avoided if converted |
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| classic islamic theology, contrasted with law |
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| rejection of islam, aka deny that god is gracious |
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| the shi'i twelfth imam, messiah role |
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| the person whose voice from the mosque does the call to prayer |
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| a jurist issuing religio-legal decisions, called fatwas |
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| a rationalist early muslim theological school that promoted/enforced symbolic understanding of muslim tenet |
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| the persian and urdu term for a sufi master, referred to as a shaykh |
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| the direction of Makkah faced in prayer |
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| reasoning by analogy, a principle in development of islamic law |
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| the month of fasting during daylight |
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| prescribed daily prayers. said 5x daily |
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| declaring one's faith, bearing witness as a muslim. two-fold (one god allah, muhammad is prophet) |
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| the specific regulations and conduct of islamic law |
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| arabic for senior master. aka PIR |
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| one of the two main divisions of islam who trace succession to the prophet's authority through the imams in the lineage of ali. they make up about a sixth of muslims globally. |
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| the aggregate life example of muhammad's words and deeds, constituting for muslims a guide to proper conduct. |
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| larger sect of islam, 5/6 globally. trace successions to the prophet's authority through the institution of the caliphate |
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| a chapter of the quran. there are 114 in total, arranged in descending order of length, apart from the first, Fatihah. |
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| following of the ijtihad, or legal opinion of a jurist |
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| the organized following or brotherhood of a sufi saint |
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term for sufi saint, means friend, implying they were intimate friends of god
plural is awliya. |
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| a charitable endowment, such as for upkeep of a mosque, or for community welfare |
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