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| Empire situated in present day Iran. During the time of Muhammad, predominately worshiped Zoroastrianism or "Fire Worship." |
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| Eastern portion of the Roman Empire. Fell to Turkish invaders in the 1400s |
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| Kitab al-Asnam (Book of Idols) |
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| Book written after Muhammad's death. Major source of pre-Islamic information about the Arabian peninsula |
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| the sin of idolatry or associating beings or things with Allah |
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| protective status offered to Christians, Jews, and Sabians. Established under Covenant of 'Umar |
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| home to oldest Qur'anic verses. Place where Muhammad supposedly left Earth to visit heaven. |
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| Purest for of monotheism. Practiced by Ibrahim |
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| Devotional act involving the recitation of the names of God |
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| Submission to God (Allah) |
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| The last prophet that God would send to reveal his truth to. |
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| key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish[2] in Mecca. The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory attributable to divine intervention, or by secular sources to the strategic genius of Muhammad. It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Quran. |
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| 2nd Battle between Muslims and Meccans in which Meccans sought to avenge the loss at Badr. |
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| the paternal uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and his foster-brother. One of Muhammad's closest followers |
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| An uncle of the Prophet Muhammad and his protector. He was leader of a clan in Mecca. |
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| Muhammad's first wife. Died in 619, which Muhammad describes as his "year of sorrow." |
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| Life of the Messenger of Allah. Term used for biographies of Muhammad. |
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| A covenant established by the Caliph 'Umar which is the oldest known document to have established legal protections "dhimmi" for conquered religious minorities. Only applied to Christians, Jews, and Sabians. |
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| Constitution forged by Muhammad between the citizens of Medina. Recognized the rights of Muslims, Jews, Christians, and Pagans. |
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| In the name of God, the gracious, the merciful. Starts nearly every Qur'anic sura. |
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| The call to prayer. Called out in a mosque five times a day. |
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| Prophet (lower than a Rasul) |
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| Messenger (higher than a Nabi). Only Muhammad and sometimes Jesus |
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| Ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book) |
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| Jews and Christians who worship the same God |
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| Cousin and eventually son-in-law of the prophet. Shias regard him as the first imam, rightful Caliph and Muhammad's heir. He is considered the fourth Caliph and ascended his throne after the death of Uthman ibn Affan. |
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| Angel Gabriel who spoke to Mary and revealed the first of the Qur'an to Muhammad |
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| Ibn Ishaq collected oral traditions that formed the basis of the most important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. |
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| Righteousness. Consciousness about following God and remaining pure in God. |
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| Demon-like spirits made of fire. |
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| A satanic figure. The devil who was made of smokeless fire like all of the other djinn |
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| the direction that one prays in Islam. Towards the Ka'ba in Mecca. |
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| The niche in a Mosque that points toward the qibla |
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| the Islamic procedure for washing parts of the body using water, typically in preparation for formal prayers (salah) |
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| an Arabic term referring to the full body ritual washing ablution required, if the adult lose the state of body cleanness, in Islam for adults prior to ablutionfor various rituals and prayers. Ghusl is mandatory for any adult Muslim after having sexual intercourse, orgasmic discharge (e.g. semen), completion of the menstrual cycle, giving birth, and death by natural causes. |
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| serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition. |
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| The word for peace in Arabic. Used in As-Salam Alaykum (Peace of God be with you) and As-Salam (name for God) |
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| The Satanic Verses are a small number of apparently pagan verses that were alleged to have been temporarily included in the Qur'an by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, only to be later removed. |
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| called Feast of Breaking the Fast, the Sugar Feast, the Sweet Festival[1] and the Lesser Eid, is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm |
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| called Feast of the Sacrifice, the Major Festival,[1] the Greater Eid, Kurban Bayram and Bakrid,[2] is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to honour the willingness of the prophet ʾIbrāhīm (Abraham) to sacrifice his young first-born son Ismā'īl (Ishmael)a as an act of submission to God's command and his son's acceptance to being sacrificed, before God intervened to provide Abraham with a Lamb to sacrifice instead. |
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| During the Hajj and Umrah, Muslims are to circumambulate the Kaaba (most sacred site in Islam) seven times |
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the shahada (Islamic creed) "There is no God but God and Muhammad is his messenger."
daily prayers (salah)
almsgiving (zakāt)
fasting during the month of Ramadan (sawm)
the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime. |
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| the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of the religion of Islam |
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| The holiest place in Islam. |
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| is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. The word derives from the Arabic خليفة Khalīfah (help·info), which means "successor" or "representative". |
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| was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 158 AH to 169 AH (775–785).[2] He succeeded his father, al-Mansur. |
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| The false messiah, or anti-Christ figure who is said to appear at the end of days. Means "deceiving" |
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| Muhammad receives revelations |
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| Muhammad's conquest of Mecca |
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| is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina between June 21st and July 2nd in 622 CE.[3] |
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