Term
| When one species of organisms is eliminated from the biosphere, why are other species affected? |
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Definition
| Because all species interact in some way, it will affect other species and then in time affect human beings. |
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Term
| Are most animals autotrophic or heterotrophic? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False- A recent science headline shows DNA testing is more reliable than a pap smear in detecting cervical cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many million species of animals are known to exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are most animals invertebraes or vertebraes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most animals exhibit what type of symmetry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is exhibited by things like starfish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What animal is responsible for producing most of the limestone that exists on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do we get tapeworms from eating chicken meat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals of animals was first to have complete digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals was the first to have organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals was the first to have tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals has no tissues or organs and also lacks symmetry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "coelum" mean? What phylum of animals was the first to have coelomate bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many phyla of animals are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the highest level of phyla? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do blood flukes of flatworms cause? |
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Definition
| Shistosomasis in humans, especially in developing countries |
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Term
| What other animal besides flatworms are in the reproductive cycle of blood flukes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the number of individual roundworms on Earth compare to the number of insects? |
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Definition
| Not greater total numbers |
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Term
| What is elephantiasis caused by? |
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Definition
| One kind of roundworm plugs the lymph system on humans |
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Term
| What is the major way humans get tapeworms? |
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Definition
| Eating uncooked beef, pork, and fish |
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Term
| What slimy garden creature is a common example of the mollusk phylum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The annelid phylum is composed of creatures with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of annelid is seen on MSU sidewalks in the early spring months after rainy nights? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phylum makes up over half of the total known species of animals in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four things vertebraes have? |
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Definition
1. backbone
2. tail
3. pharynx for breathing
4. major nerve cord |
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Term
| What were the first vertebraes on land? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do reptiles have to rely on water for fertilization of eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reptilian eggs, hard or soft? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of all organims, are bird the only ones with feathers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What latin word to mammals get their name from and what does it mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the only mammals that can fly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mammals lay eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are marsupial animals mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the greatest concentration of marsupials today? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| about how many known species of marsupials are there today? |
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Definition
| 4500 species, 95% of them being placental |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of interactions of living things with each other and with their environment |
|
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Term
| Ecologist vs. Environmentalist |
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Definition
Ecologist: study nature
Environmentalist: want to preserve nature |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does abiotic mean? biotic? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| position or function of an organism in a community of plants/or animals, or where it fits in |
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Term
| Four major ways species interact? |
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Definition
1.Predation
2.Parasitism
3.Mutualism
4.Commensalism |
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Term
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Definition
| One benefits without hurting the other. Epiphytes |
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Term
| What does sustainability mean? |
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Definition
| living from the "interest" and not from the capital |
|
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Term
| what does environmental degradation mean? |
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Definition
| when use of a resource exceeds the replacement rate |
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Term
| Three major factors that determine how harmful a pollutant is? |
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Definition
1. degree of toxicity
2. concentration: the solution to pollution is dilution
3.persistance- how long it lasts in environment |
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Term
| What was Rev. Thomas Malthus' theory about population and food supply? |
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Definition
| Food supply would increase arithmetically, and population would increase geometrically |
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Term
| Why was Malthus not correct about the date at which mass starvation would occur? |
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Definition
| We have huge advances in agricultural sciences- much more food on same amount of land; contraceptive and other birth control measures; communication of knowledge |
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Term
| How does Malthus' theory look at the present time? |
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Definition
| There is a huge correlation between population, poverty, and environmental degradation |
|
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Term
| How many more people are being born than die each second? |
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Definition
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Term
| About what proportion of the population of growth in the next 25 years will occur in developing countries? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the upper limit of population growth in the human species? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In what two areas of the world are population increases causing the most problems? |
|
Definition
| Africa and Central America |
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|
Term
| Can we feed all of the people in the world in the year 2020? |
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Definition
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Term
| From a latitude standpoint, where do 2/3 of the world's people live? Where is most food production produced? |
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Definition
| 2/3 people live between 25N and 25S. Between 30N and 45N. |
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Term
| What type of "reproductive strategy" is characterized by long lives of individuals that respond to a fixed amount of resources? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flies, mosquitoes, and rats all have what type of reproductive strategy? |
|
Definition
| r-species: short life, reproduce quickly, and population numbers vary greatly |
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Term
| From an environmentalist "niche" are humans generalists or specialists? |
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Definition
| Generalist: wide niche, can live in many places |
|
|
Term
| in the environmental degradation equation, PxAxT, what do the letters stand for? |
|
Definition
P=population
A=amount (unit of resources) used per person
T= level of technology (amount of degradation/unit of resources used) |
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Term
| Which is better to live in? a country with a pyramidal or a columnar population growth function? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the fertility rate of zero population growth in developing countries? in developed countries? |
|
Definition
developed countries=2.1
developing countries= |
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Term
| What are the two major reasons for increasing the educational levels of women in developing countries? |
|
Definition
1. women control the population rate
2. greater the education level, fewer number of children |
|
|
Term
| women are responsible for producing about how much of the food in developing countries? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 5 environmental degradation problems humans are responsible for? |
|
Definition
1. air pollution
2. biodiversity depletion
3. wastes
4. food production issues
5. water population |
|
|
Term
| what is the troposphere? is that where the ozone layer is? |
|
Definition
| the lowest level of atmosphere. no |
|
|
Term
| When is ozone good and bad? |
|
Definition
Good when in the stratosphere and serves as a filter
Bad when in the troposphere |
|
|
Term
| Is the production of global warming gases an east-west or north-south problem? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why will malaria incidence likely increase with global warning? |
|
Definition
| Longer summer period increase the chance of mosquitoes being active and transmitting malaria |
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|
Term
| About how fast are the rainforests disappearing? |
|
Definition
| 17 million hectacres per year |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between population, wealth, and use of natural resources between developed and developing countries? |
|
Definition
Developed countries:
-have 20% of world's population
-have 85% of world's wealth
-Use ~90% of world's natural resources
-Generate 75% of pollution and wastes and 90% of the toxic wastes |
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Term
| What sector is responsible for the majority of solid wastes produced in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the number one ground water pollutant in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| About what person of the water on Earth is salt water in oceans? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the word "riparian" mean? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Ogallala aquifer in the central US one that is readily rechargeable? |
|
Definition
| no, half the aquifer is used up already |
|
|
Term
| How much of the fresh water in the US in the world is found in the five great lakes of the US? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in rows, this leaves soil bare part of the year, so heavy rainfall can wash away the soil which causes soil erosion |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| half the world's soils are affected, caused by over grazing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too much irrigation, not enough drainage, most plants don't grow well in flooded soils |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| due to salts left from evaporation of irrigation water |
|
|
Term
| what is the major global warming gas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| besides water vapor, what are the five "greenhouse effect" gases in our atmosphere? |
|
Definition
1.CO2
2.methane
3.nitrous oxide
4.CFCs
5.ozone |
|
|
Term
| what is the major source of methane pollution in the U.S? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three main causes of biodiversity depletion in the world? |
|
Definition
1.introduced (non-native) species
2.overexploitation- commercial fishing, killing animals that prey on livestock, killing for trophies
3.habitat destruction- development of land |
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|
Term
| What human activities are happening in many large animal preserves that are ruining the habitats that were set up to protect endangered species? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| t/f: the panda population in china is increasing in the Wolong Nature Reserve in China? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| About 1% of the species of soil bacteria have been classified? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why is classifying the unknown soil bacteria and learning more about them a good idea? |
|
Definition
| soil bacteria might be beneficial to humans |
|
|
Term
| What's "bad" about monocropping, espcially in LDCs? |
|
Definition
| It leaves soil bare for part of the year, rainfall can cause soil erosion |
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|
Term
| What industry is responsible for about 2/3 of the world's annual fresh water use? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What portion of the world's population earns only about $1 US dollar per year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What portion of the world's population earns only about $2 U.S. dollars per year? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When discussing pesticides in the environment, what is "biological magnification"? |
|
Definition
| Example: insecticides such as DDT in birds and fish. Pesticides stay in the animal and pass down eventually to humans |
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Term
| Is a detritivor autotrophic or heterotrophic? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is your ISB 202 instuctor's one word answer to most of the problems humans face? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Developed countries have less than 20% of the world's population, but people in developed countries use about ____ of the world's resources? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| To maintain zero human population growth, the fertility rate is about _____ children in less developed countries. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What would have the least effect on human population growth? |
|
Definition
| Increasing the age at which females stop having babies |
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|
Term
| What has contributed to most to the world's rapid population growth over the past 100 years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the 1790s what did Thomas Malthus predict? |
|
Definition
| that food supply would increase arithmetically, and population would increase geometrically |
|
|
Term
| LDC would be represented by a ________ pyramid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there single-celled species of animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first animals to have tissues are what? |
|
Definition
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