Term
| translation and transcription order |
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Definition
| transcription comes first and then translation |
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Term
| cystic fibrosis is treated with.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-recessive disorder
-treated by gene replacement |
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Term
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Definition
| by process of transcription |
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Term
| use RNA to produce ---- by process of ----- |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-at least one parent has to have it
-every generation |
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Term
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Definition
-both parents are carriers
-affected individuals from unaffected parents
-heterozygous are unaffected |
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Term
| one goal of personalized medicine |
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Definition
| -predict a persons risk of developing a specific medical condition |
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Term
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Definition
| -caused by infection by bacteria or virus |
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Term
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Definition
| -caused by mutation in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| series of mutations in a single cell |
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Term
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Definition
-mostly males
-affected inviduals from unaffected parents |
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Term
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Definition
-makes two identical cells
-phrophase, metaphase,anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
-cell reproduction except sperm and egg |
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Term
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Definition
-makes 4 identical cells
-phrophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telepahse 1, phrophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, cytokinesis
-cell production for sperm and egg |
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Term
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Definition
| -humans add small piece of DNA with known function to get desired phenotype--can be from any source |
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Term
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Definition
-humans mix large quantities of DNA of unknown function from two individuals by making those individuals and looking for offspring with desired phenotype
-must be from closely related individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| -humans make one or more unknown changes to DNA using a mutagen and look for offspring with desired phenotype |
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Term
| proteom in a particular cell is determined by |
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Definition
| regulation of gene expression |
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Term
| how many alleles for certain gene found in one individual sperm from father |
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Definition
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Term
| results of human genome project |
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Definition
| -aprox. 25,000 to 30,000 protein producing genes in human genome |
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Term
| frequency of allels in population..... |
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Definition
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Term
| two differeent alleles for same gene found... |
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Definition
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Term
| meoisis and cytokines in humans results... |
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Definition
-in cells that are haploid
-have 23 chromosomes |
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Term
| genetic engeneering versus selective breeding |
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Definition
-GE crops contain genes from wide variety of species
-selective breeding only contain genes of closely related species |
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Term
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Definition
| -one that looks directly at DNA to determine genotype |
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Term
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Definition
-measures phenotype to determine genes
-can only detect something if there is symptoms
-carriers won't have symptoms of disorder |
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Term
| involves increasing amount of specific mRNA inside specific cells in patients body |
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Definition
| -gene replacement therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| helps us determine what proteins are coded for in our DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-can be used to find causes of genetic disorders
-does not cure disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| -testing what alleles are in gene and if they could develop into disorder |
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Term
| indirect testing by looking at metabolites |
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Definition
-looking at anything but RNA, DNA, and proteins--looking at building blocks
-amino acids
-sugars
-fats
-other small molecules or ions |
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Term
| indirect testing by looking at proteins |
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Definition
| -protein assays: if it is doing its job |
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Term
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Definition
| -DNA sample and direct genetic test |
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Term
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Definition
| -DNA sample and direct genetic test |
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Term
| 6 types of genetic testing |
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Definition
-newborn screening
-prenatal
-carrier
-predictive
-identification DNA testing
-preimplantation genetic diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
-many behaviors species specific
-pieces of DNA are associated with particular behaviors in individuals |
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Term
| some disorders can't be treated by proteins because |
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Definition
-they don't inovled protein problems
-injecting allele won't raise activity in brain
-only works when protein does its job in the blood |
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Term
| why protein can be used as a vaccine |
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Definition
-you expose your body to proteins of bacterias and viruses
-creates immune response
-body produces antibodies |
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Term
| goal of personalized medicine |
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Definition
-prevention of disease
-liklihood of getting disease |
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Term
| similarities of personalized medicine and behavior genetics |
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Definition
| -if you knew enough about genetic factors and enviormental factors, you could prevent disease and predict behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| -have problems with the body or how the brain is functioning--medical |
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Term
| behavior/personality trait |
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Definition
| persons choice and don't involve anything medically |
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Term
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Definition
| bad alleles, not making protein |
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Term
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Definition
-taken out of body, things done to cells, put back into body
-directly injected protein into person, done all inside body |
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Term
| dominant versus recessive |
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Definition
-dominant: bad protien and always bad
-recessive: can do job most of time but not very well |
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Term
| would gene replacement therapy permantly cure cystic fibrosis |
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Definition
-no, gene still same gene
-stem cell could work for longer
-makes prtoein |
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Term
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Definition
| goal is to stop making bad proteins |
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Term
| each cell in body is ----- meaning it ----- |
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Definition
-differentiated
-is expresses different proteins |
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Term
| new drugs involving Cp450 genes |
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Definition
| will be given earlier in disease proces |
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Term
| different parts of behavior definition require... |
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Definition
-sensing of stimuli: sensors and neurons
-processing and decision making: neurons
-coordinated response: neurons and muscles |
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