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IR Quiz - Ch. 7 & 9
Rudy - Conflict and BoP
40
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/02/2009

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Term
asymmetric wars
Definition
an armed conflict between belligerents of vastly unequal military strength, in which the weaker side is often a nonstate actor that relies on unconventional tactics
Term
shadow warriors
Definition
mercenaries commissioned by states to conduct operations that regular armies are prohibited from carrying out by the Geneva Conventions
Term
intraspective aggression
Definition
routine killing of one's own kind
Term
territorial imperative
Definition
instinctive defense of one's own territory
Term
ethologists
Definition
those who study animal behavior in order to understand human behavior
Term
xenophobia
Definition
a fear of foreigners
Term
socialization
Definition
the process by which people learn the beliefs, values, and behaviors that are acceptable in a given society
Term
relative depravation
Definition
people's perception that they are unfairly deprived of wealth and status in comparison to others who are advantaged but not more deserving
Term
diversionary theory of war
Definition
leaders who experience opposition at home provoke crises abroad to divert attention from their domestic failures
Term
alliance polarization
Definition
refers to the propensity of lesser powers to cluster around the strongest states
Term
crosscutting cleavages
Definition
a situation where politically relevant divisions between international actors are contradictory, with their interests pulling them together on some issues and separating them on others
Term
overlapping cleavages
Definition
a situation where politically relevant divisions between international actors are complementary; interests pulling them apart on one issue and reinforced by interests that also separate them
Term
power transition theory
Definition
the contention that war is likely when a dominant great power is threatened by the rapid growth of a rival's capabilities, which reduces the difference in their relative power
Term
power cycle theory
Definition
the contention that armed conflict is probable when a state passes through certain critical points along a generalized curve of relative power, and wars of enormous magnitude are likely when several great powers pass through critical points at approximately the same time
Term
terrorism
Definition
the premeditated use or threat of violence perpetrated against noncombatants, usually intended to induce fear in a wider audience
Term
repressive terror
Definition
used to sustain an existing political order, has been used by both governments and vigilantes
Term
dissident terror
Definition
used to change the political status quo (i.e. to expel colonial rulers, ethnonational separatism, religion, or secular ideology)
Term
agitational objectives of terrorism
Definition
promoting the dissident group, advertising its agenda, and discrediting rivals
Term
coercive objectives of terrorism
Definition
disorienting a target population, inflating the perceived power of the dissident group, wringing concessions from authorities, and provoking a heavy-handed overreaction from the police and military
Term
organizational objectives of terrorism
Definition
acquiring resources, forging group cohesion, and maintaining an underground network of supporters
Term
conventional terrorist tactics
Definition
bombing, assault, hijacking, and taking hostages
Term
other terrorist tactics
Definition
acquisition of weapons of mass destruction and cyberterrorism
Term
information warfare
Definition
attacks on an adversary's telecommunications and computer networks to degrade the technological systems vital to its defense and economic well-being
Term
Bush Doctrine
Definition
a policy that singles out states that support terrorist groups and advocates military strikes against them to prevent a future attack on the US
Term
state-sponsored terrorism
Definition
formal assistance, training, and arming of forging terrorists by a state in order to achieve foreign policy goals
Term
repression advocates (terrorism)
Definition
see terrorism springing from the cold calculations of extremists who should be neutralized by preemptive surgical strike
Term
conciliation advocates (terrorism)
Definition
see terrorism rooted in frustrations with political oppression and relative deprivation and urge negotiation and compromise; reduce terrorism's appeal
Term
failing states
Definition
states in danger of political collapse due to overwhelming internal strife
Term
balance of power
Definition
the theory that national survival in an anarchic world is most likely wen military power is distributed to prevent a single hegemon or bloc from dominating the state system
Term
alliance
Definition
a formal agreement among sovereign states for that purpose of coordinating their behavior to increase mutual security
Term
balancer
Definition
an influential global or regional state that throws its support in decisive fashion to the weaker side of the balance of power
Term
bandwagoning
Definition
the strategy of seeking national security by aligning with the strongest state, irrespective of its ideology or form of government
Term
arms race
Definition
an action-reaction process in which rival states rapidly increase their military capabilities in response to one another
Term
hegemonic stability theory
Definition
the argument that a single dominant state is necessary to enforce international cooperation, maintain international rules and regimes, and keep the peace
Term
concert
Definition
a cooperative agreement among great powers to jointly manage international relations
Term
arms control
Definition
bilateral or multilateral agreements to contain arms buildups by setting limits on the number and types of weapons that states are permitted
Term
disarmament
Definition
agreements to reduce or eliminate weapons or other means of attack
Term
direct opposition
Definition
one powerful state tries to prevail over another powerful state, which raises arms or seeks allies to offset its adversary's strength
Term
competition
Definition
encroachment by ones state against another also precipitates a quest for arms and allies, but rather than resulting in formation or rigid counterbalanced blocs, it triggers shifts in a kaleidoscope of overlapping alliances
Term
extended deterrence
Definition
the use of military threats by a great power to deter an attack on its allies
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