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IR Chapters 1-3 Roskin Berry 9th Edition Vocabulary
International Relations Vocab and Key Terms
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International Studies
Undergraduate 2
08/26/2011

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Term
Absolutism
Definition
Renaissance pattern of kings assuming all power
Term
Balance of Power
Definition
Theory that states form alliances to offset threatening states (Pre WWI by 1910 decayed)
Term
International Relations
Definition
Interactions among countries
Term
Power
Definition
Ability of one actor to get anoter to do it's bidding
Term
Domestic Politics
Definition
Interactions within countries
Term
International Anarchy
Definition
No overriding power prevents sovereign states from conflicting
Term
System
Definition
Interaction of many components so that changing one changes the others
Term
Superpower
Definition
Nation with far more power than others; able to wage all levels of warfare
Term
Reification
Definition
Making a theory for reality
Term
Force
Definition
Application of military power
Term
Westphalian
Definition
System set up by 1648 Peace of Westphalia that made sovereignty the norm.
Term
Sovereignty
Definition
Concept that each state rules is territory without interference
Term
Metternichian
Definition
Conservative restoration of balance of power after Napoleon
Term
Heirarchy of Power
Definition
Theory that peace is preserved when states know where they stand on a ladder of relative power
Term
Bismarkian
Definition
Contrived, unstable balance of power from 1870 to 1914
Term
Versailles
Definition
In 1919 treaty that ended WWI
Term
Interwar
Definition
Between WW I and II 1919-1939
Term
Bipolar
Definition
The world divided into two power centers, as in the cold war (1945-1980s)
Term
Multipower
Definition
The world divided into many power centers
Term
Unipolar
Definition
The world dominated by one power center
Term
Stratified
Definition
Power distributed in layers; Top rich countries, middle rapidly industrializing lands as China, India, and Brazil; Third layer is in a 'zone of chaos' dominated by crime warlords and chronic instablility
Term
Duopoly
Definition
Two big powers dominate (US AND CHINA)considered a chimera
Term
Chimera
Definition
Mythical beast composed of several unlike parts
Term
Globalizaton
Definition
The world turning into a big capitalist market
Term
Clash of Civilizations
Definition
Theory that post Cold War world was divided into eight civilzations each based mostly on religion; Western(with European and North American branches), Slavic/Orthodox, Islamic, Hindu, Sinic(Chinese based), Japanese, Latin American, African
Term
State
Definition
country or nation, has sovereignty
Term
Strong State
Definition
Modern nation-state able to enforce sovereignty
Term
Theory
Definition
Explanation of why things happen
Term
Empirical theory
Definition
Explanation of why things happen supported by observable evidence
Term
Rational
Definition
Able to think clearly and test ideas against reality
Term
Paradigm
Definition
A widely accepted research model or way of studying things
Term
Realism
Definition
IR theory that emphasizes power and national interest
Term
National Interest
Definition
what is good for a country as a whole in international relations; often disputed
Term
Crusade
Definition
In realist thought, an ideological war unrelated to the true national interest
Term
Liberalism
Definition
In IR, presumption that countries can interact peacefully
Term
Classic Liberalism
Definition
Adam Smith's theory that an economy corrects itself without government supervision;became US conservatism
Term
G8/G20
Definition
Group of 8/20 leading countries
Term
Constructivism
Definition
Mental Constructs formed by social interaction and convention, govern thinking
Term
Construct
Definition
Idea widely accepted that it seems to be a fact
Term
Groupthink
Definition
Janis' theory that group cohesion stifles doubt and dissent
Term
Relativism
Definition
Abandoning absolute moral standards
Term
Marxism
Definition
Militant, revolutionary form of socialism
Term
Contradiction
Definition
In Marxism, a big, incurable problem that rips the society apart
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
Middle class, pejorative in Marxist usage
Term
Proletariat
Definition
In Marxism, large class of industrial workers
Term
Bailout
Definition
Emergency loan to prevent corporation or government from collapsing
Term
Cui bono
Definition
Latin for "to whose benefit" or "who gains?"
Term
Cultural Hegemony
Definition
Gramsci's theory that capitalist control of culture keeps workers unrevolutionary.
Term
Neo-
Definition
Revival or updating of a previous ideology or approach
Term
Eclectic
Definition
Drawn from a variety of sources
Term
Crown
Definition
Powers of the British government
Term
Objective
Definition
Can be empirically verified
Term
Subjective
Definition
Cannot be empirically verified; depends on on intuition
Term
Bluff
Definition
Not supporting a declared national interest with sufficient power
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
Slogan calling for a US continental republic
Term
Continent
Definition
The European mainland
Term
Strategy
Definition
Ends, way, means
Term
Imperialism
Definition
Spreading nation's power over other lands
Term
Isolationism
Definition
US avoidance of overseas involvement
Term
Atlantic Charter
Definition
The 1941 Roosevelt-Churchill agreement on peace aims and basis of UN
Term
Lend Lease
Definition
US aid to Allies in World War II
Term
Wilsonian
Definition
Idealistic projection of US power to create a peaceful world
Term
Truman Doctorine
Definition
The 1947 presidential call to aid countries under communist threat
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
The 1947 call for massive US aid to war-torn Europe
Term
Containment
Definition
US policy of blocking expansion of Soviet power; framed by Kennan in 1947
Term
Globalism
Definition
US interests extending everywhere
Term
McCarthyism
Definition
Senator Joseph McCarthy's early-1950s accusations of treason in high places
Term
What kind of international system was before WWI?
Definition
Balance-of-power system
Term
What kind of international system was there between WWI-WWII?
Definition
anti-balance of war system
Term
What kind of system was there during the Cold War?
Definition
Bipolar system
Term
What kind of system was Post-Cold War?
Definition
Not too sure. Can be multipolar, zones of chaos, globalization, or clash of civilizations.
Term
International Relations depends a lot on _______.
Definition
Power
Term
Some say that IR unfolds amid ___________ ____________.
Definition
International Anarchy
Term
What is power?
Definition
Power is one country's ability to get another country to do what it wants.
Term
What is reification?
Definition
It is mistaking theory for reality.
Term
Rational persuasion, economic, cultural, technological, and military are all types of _______?
Definition
power.
Term
What type of power is only used as a last resort?
Definition
Force/military
Term
What is the balance of power system?
Definition
Changeable alliances that keep one state from becoming more powerful than another
Term
What is the hierarchy of power?
Definition
Opposite of balance of power and acts to preserve peace. When nations know where they stand in power they are more likely to try to keep the peace.
Term
What usually happens to hierarchys?
Definition
They are temporary and eventually overturned as weaker states gain power and dominant states lose it.
Term
Systems?
Definition
If you change one part it has a ripple effect down the line.
Term
Who changed the system from the balance of power?
Definition
Prussian Chancelor Bismark when he unified Germany. Ripple effect in the system.
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