Term
| pecan as a crop is a good example of... |
|
Definition
| how IPM works and how you might have to adapt depending on what the pest is |
|
|
Term
| why pecan is different compared to row crops |
|
Definition
| because the trees are there constantly |
|
|
Term
| how long it takes a pecan tree to produce at its peak |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how you can minimize the gap regarding pecan |
|
Definition
| thru careful hort management |
|
|
Term
| how pecan trees can make it harder to manage pests |
|
Definition
| lots of the serious pests overwinter in the trees, such as the bark and crevaces, etc. |
|
|
Term
| how to go about the leaves regarding pecan |
|
Definition
-Keep the leaves in as good a shape as you can
-commit long term to foliage management |
|
|
Term
| the #1 limiting factor for pecan production in the Southeast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| everything the pecan growers are doing is aimed at... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why they would prefer to mix the insecticide with the fungicide |
|
Definition
| so they would have to make only 1 trip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some foliage pests for pecans |
|
Definition
-Phylloxera
-aphids
-scorch mites
-spittle bug |
|
|
Term
| some nut pests for pecans |
|
Definition
-pecan nut chasebearer
-hickory shuckworm
-pecan weevil
-nut curculio |
|
|
Term
| some pecan pests you must treat if you have them |
|
Definition
-Phylloxera
-shuckworm
-black aphid
-pecan weevil
-nut curculio |
|
|
Term
| for pecans, you must spend money on... |
|
Definition
-shuckworm
-black aphid
-weevil
-curculio |
|
|
Term
| pecans are in the same genus as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why hickory share lots of pests with pecan |
|
Definition
| because pecans are in the same genus as hickory and we got lots of hickory in our woods |
|
|
Term
| The types of damage from hickory shuckworm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why shucks are bad for the pecan business |
|
Definition
| because you can’t sell a pecan nut with shucks still sticking to the shell |
|
|
Term
| what a white spot on the shuck of the pecan might indicate |
|
Definition
| indicates that it might have been knocked out of there by hickory shuckworm |
|
|
Term
| hickory shuckworm caterpillars feed in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the only way to monitor for hickory shuckworm caterpillars |
|
Definition
| looking for them on the ground |
|
|
Term
| what Phylloxera does to pecan trees |
|
Definition
| makes galls on pecan leaves |
|
|
Term
| how often to check pecan weevil traps |
|
Definition
| twice per week from late July to mid October |
|
|
Term
| what you need to do if the weevils are active |
|
Definition
| spray and make sure they don’t take your yield |
|
|
Term
| where pecan weevil larvae can be found |
|
Definition
| there can be several pecan weevil larvae in one nut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tobacco juice spot on the shuck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when nut curculio attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when pecan weevil attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when losing pecans can be a good thing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why Phylloxera on stems is devastating |
|
Definition
| because it shuts down growth on that terminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aphids are born pregnant such that they’re clones of each other |
|
|
Term
| should you spray for aphids? |
|
Definition
| don’t spray for aphids if you can help it |
|
|
Term
| what black aphids do to pecan leaves |
|
Definition
| black aphids feed on the spaces between the veins and leave black necrotic spots |
|
|
Term
| black aphids vs. the 2 yellow aphids |
|
Definition
| black aphids are very different compared to the 2 yellow aphids |
|
|
Term
| something about pecan wood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of treatment for aphids |
|
Definition
-soil treatment
-foliage treatment |
|
|
Term
| when you’re looking at aphids, you gotta notice whether it’s... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most overtreated insect pest in pecans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-weevils
-black aphids
-shuckworms |
|
|
Term
| the real bottom line for pecan disease |
|
Definition
| disease treatment trumps everything |
|
|
Term
| holes in the bark of pecan trees can be caused by... |
|
Definition
| a type of woodpecker called a sapsucker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an insect that transmits an infectious pathogen to plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an infectious agent (bacterium, fungus, protozoan &
virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement from one organism to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal effect on a host induced by a pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a local outbreak of a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potato infected with potato leafroll virus |
|
|
Term
| Potato infected with potato leafroll virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potato leafroll virus transmitted by... |
|
Definition
| Potato aphid and Green peach aphid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato |
|
|
Term
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus transmitted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some diseases caused by Tospoviruses |
|
Definition
-IYSV in lisianthus
-IYSV in onion
-TSWV in peanut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tree infected with Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) |
|
|
Term
| tree infected with Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| citrus infected with Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) |
|
|
Term
| citrus infected with Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) is transmitted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about 70% of insect born plant pathogens are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where in GA tomato yellow leaf curl virus is common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the one that causes citrus greening (huanglongbing)
-the one that causes Pierce’s disease |
|
|
Term
| Pierce’s disease transmitted by ______ and causes ______ |
|
Definition
sharpshooters
death of grapes |
|
|
Term
| aster yellows caused by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| yeast spot of bean caused by ______ and transmitted by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dutch elm disease (fungal, bacterial, or viral) and transmitted by ______ |
|
Definition
fungal
Banded elm bark beetle |
|
|
Term
| fungi are (externally or internally) attached to plants they infect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hartrot (fatal wilt) of palms transmitted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pine wilt transmitted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the types of strategists for vector biology and ecology |
|
Definition
-r strategists
-k strategists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small organisms, many offspring, short life expectancy, unstable environment &
general niche |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large organisms, few offspring, long life expectancy, stable environment & specialized niche |
|
|
Term
| some types of r strategists |
|
Definition
-aphids
-thrips
-whiteflies |
|
|
Term
| some types of k strategists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses are ______ parasites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| piercing and sucking insects secrete... |
|
Definition
| watery saliva and gelling saliva |
|
|
Term
| beetles just do this type of feeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what beetles have that counteracts viruses |
|
Definition
| beetles have some kind of enzyme in their saliva that degrades viruses |
|
|
Term
| some stages of transmission |
|
Definition
-acquisition
-retention
-latent period
-inoculation |
|
|
Term
| some modes of transmission |
|
Definition
-nonpersistent
-semipersistent
-persistent noncirculative
-persistent circulative
-persistent noncirculative propagative
-persistent circulative propagative |
|
|
Term
| pathogen often retained at this part of the stylet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it dont go back to the salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| ______ can transport across hindgut of insects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what chaperonins do for viruses |
|
Definition
| chaperonins basically provide a safe passage for viruses |
|
|
Term
| the nature of interactions regarding viruses and plants |
|
Definition
| there’s very specific interactions regarding viruses in plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmission occurs from one insect to another – ex. Sexually transmitted plant viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmission occurs from mother to offspring – ex. Transovarial transmission of circularative propagative viruses |
|
|
Term
| what polyphenols do when they get into the air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| important advantage of genes from wild parents |
|
Definition
| genes from wild parents often confer resistance to some diseases |
|
|
Term
| how being transgenic can be beneficial |
|
Definition
| there can be transgenic resistance to pathogens |
|
|
Term
| how cropping patterns can be used regarding pathogens |
|
Definition
| cropping patterns can be used to counteract pathogens |
|
|
Term
| how isolation from the disease causer can be used regarding pathogens |
|
Definition
| isolation from the disease causer can be used to counteract pathogens |
|
|
Term
| why it's good to reduce the amount of bare ground |
|
Definition
| because this reduces the amount of insects that land on the plants |
|
|
Term
| what barriers/border crops can be used for regarding pathogens |
|
Definition
| barriers/border crops can be used to counteract pests and pathogen transmission |
|
|
Term
| effectiveness of biological control against insects that vector disease |
|
Definition
| biological control not very effective against insects that vector disease |
|
|
Term
| how weeds can make a pathogen problem worse |
|
Definition
| some weeds can host insects and pathogens |
|
|
Term
| Pierce's disease transmitted by... |
|
Definition
| Glassy winged sharp shooter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grape plant infected with Pierce's disease |
|
|
Term
| grape plant infected with Pierce's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carrots infected by aster yellows |
|
|
Term
| carrots infected by aster yellows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distorted green growth in purple coneflower |
|
|
Term
| Distorted green growth in purple coneflower |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yeast spot of bean caused by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
