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| Smallest unit of matter. Consists of central nucleus and orbiting electrons. |
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| Consists of protons and neutrons |
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| Positively charged subatomic particle; the number of protons defines the element. |
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| Neutrally charged subatomic particle- has mass. |
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| Negatively charged subatomic particle- located in areas called orbitals or shells. |
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| Number of electrons in each shell |
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| First shell: 2 Second shell: 8 |
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| element with variable number of neutrons. ex: C-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons C-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons |
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Definition
| Have 2 or more atoms bundled together by chemical bonds. |
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| Atoms share electrons ex. H2 |
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electrons shared equally
[image]
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Electrons shared unequally
[image]
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Term
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Definition
High electron affinity
(N,O)
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Definition
Held together by opposite charges- bonds easily broken
[image]
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Ions surrounded by water molecules
[image]
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Definition
Bonds that form between slightly charged H (+) and O or N (-).
Very weak bonds but important for life on Earth
[image]
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Definition
The number of free hydrogens (H+) in a solution.
[image]
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Term
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Definition
pure water = 10-7 M [H+]
acidic solution > 10-7 M [H+]
basic solution < 10-7 M [H+]
↑[H+] = ↓ pH |
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