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| every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us. |
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| the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
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| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. 23 from each parent--46 all together. |
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| the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein. |
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| (deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. |
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| twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms. |
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| twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment. |
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| adopted parents vs. biological parents |
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| adoptees are more similar to biological parents in temperament or personalities and more similar to adoptive parents in attitudes, values, manners, faith, and politics. |
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| a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity. |
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| the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity). |
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| the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes, using the principles of natural selection. |
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| the principle that , among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. |
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| a random error in gene replication that leads to a change |
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| in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female. |
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| evolutionary perspective of gender preferences in mating |
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| Nature selects behaviors that increase the likelihood of sending one's genes into the future. Women--stable men. Men--as many women as possible. |
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| Peers have more influence. parents effect religion and politics and manners, but peers have greater effect on actions, etc. |
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| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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| an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior |
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| the portable buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies. |
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| giving priority to group goals (often those of the extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. |
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| reflect different preferences, but overall we are more similar than different. Cultural diversity and Human likeness |
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| physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone |
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| x chromosome; y chromosome |
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Definition
| the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. and X chromosome from each parent produces a female child. A Y chromosome is the sex chromosome only found in men. When a Y chromosome is paired with and X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child. |
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Definition
| the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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| nature and nurture in gender |
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| What biology initiates, culture accentuates |
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| a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. |
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| a set of expected behaviors for males or for females |
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| our sense of being male or female |
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| the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. some more than others |
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| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. |
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