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| To take cells apart, separating the major organelles so that their functions can be studied. |
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| The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm, organelles are found here. |
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| All cells are bounded by this membrane; acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition. This barrier allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell. |
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| All cells have this; tiny organelles that make proteins according to instructions from the genes |
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| What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| The chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell are located in a membrane-enclosed organelle called the NUCLEUS. |
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| In this kind of cell, the DNA is concentrated in a region called the NUCLEOID; but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell. |
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Definition
| Has a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope. |
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| The entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane; also used for the interior of a prok.cell. In Euk. cells, suspended in the cytosol are a variety of membrane-bounded organelles. |
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| Eukaryotic cells are generally much bigger than prokaryotic cells, True or False? |
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Definition
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| Network of membranous sacs and tubes, active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions) |
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| Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of microtubules |
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| Region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of CENTRIOLES |
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| Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide. |
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Definition
| Projections that increase the cell's surface area. |
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Definition
| Includes: Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and Microtubules. Reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein. |
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Definition
| Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. |
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Definition
| Organelle where celluar respiration occurs and most ATP is generated. |
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Definition
| Organelle active in synthesis, sorting, and secretion of cell products. |
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Definition
| Nonmembranous organelles that make proteins; free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope. |
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Definition
| Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell. |
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| Nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoi. |
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| Nucleus->NUCLEAR ENVELOPE |
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Definition
| Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores. |
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Term
| What are the organelles that are NOT in ANIMAL CELLS? |
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Definition
| Chloroplasts, Central vacuole and tonoplat, Cell wall, and Plasmodesmata. |
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Definition
| Outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein. |
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| Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. |
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| Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage. breakdown of waste products; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth. |
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Definition
| Membrane enclosing the central vacuole. |
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Term
| What are the organelles NOT in PLANT CELLS? |
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Definition
| Lysosomes, Centrioles, Flagella (in some plant sperm) |
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Term
| What are the two organelles involved in the genetic control of the cell? |
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Definition
| The nucleus, which houses most of the cell's DNA, and the ribosomes, which use information from the DNA to make proteins. |
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Definition
| netlike array of protein filaments (intermediate filaments) that maintains the shape of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| (in nucleolus) special RNA that is synthesized and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm into the main components of ribosomes, called ribosomal subunits. |
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Term
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Definition
| its cytoplasmic surface lacks ribosomes |
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Definition
| ribosomes stud its cytoplasmic surface |
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Term
| What are the functions of the Smooth ER? |
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Definition
| functions in diverse metabolic processes, include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. |
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Term
| Rough ER and the Synthesis of Secretory Proteins-> GLYCOPROTEINS |
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Definition
| secretory proteins that are covalently bonded to carbohydrates. |
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Term
| Rough ER and MEMBRANE PRODUCTION |
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Definition
| adds proteins and phospholipids....transport vesicles. |
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Term
| Golgi Apparatus: CIS and TRANS face |
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Definition
| CIS is located near the ER, it is the 'receiving' side. TRANS is the 'shipping' side...it gives rise to transport vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive compartments: membrane-bounded sac of hydrolytic enzymes that the cell uses to digest macromolecules (polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids). These enzymes work best in acidic environment pH 5. |
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Term
| What are the orgnaelles that are the main energy transformers of cells? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts (they are not part of the endomembrane system) |
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Term
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Definition
| the chloroplast is a specialized member of this family of closely related plant organelles. |
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Term
| What does the peroxisomes generate? |
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Definition
| bounded by a single membrane, they contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product. |
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Term
| The cytoskeleton is involved in several types of CELL MOTILITY, define this term. |
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Definition
| encompasses both changes in cell location and more limited movement of parts of the cell. Cell motility requires the interaction of the cytoskeleton with proteins called MOTOR MOLECULES (movement of cilia and flagella) |
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