Term
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Definition
-allows people to communicate but creates barriers to communication
-depends on words & context |
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Term
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Definition
-community of lang. users who interact by speech & share rules & what is gramatical
-human lang is distinctive |
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Definition
| -lang. is creative, can create & understand new messages |
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Term
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Definition
| -there is no universal, necessary link between particular linguistic sounds & particular linguistic meanings |
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Definition
-people can use language to lie & can be perfectly grammatical but nonsensical
"colorless green ideas sleep furiously" |
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Definition
(linguistic relativity)
-language shapes thought
-a particular language's nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers |
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Definition
| -language w/ no native speakers that develops in a single generation between members of communities that possess distinct native languages |
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Definition
| -when a pidgin is passed down to the next generation it becomes a creole |
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Definition
| -the idea that speech is always embedded in a social world of power differences |
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Definition
| -greatest constraint to the least |
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Term
creativity to conformity
play to religion |
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Definition
| play > art > myth OR > ritual > religion > worldview |
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Term
| Shore's view of baseball as a ritual |
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Definition
| -repetition of symmetry thruout a reoccurring symbol |
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Term
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Definition
| -distinct beginning and end & order of events |
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Term
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Definition
| -emphasizes an American worldview thru contact ex: by demonstrating a total disregard for time |
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Term
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Definition
| -demonstrates a pervasive & shared problem: the individual vs. the group |
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Term
| forms of social organization |
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Definition
-band
-tribe
-chiefdom
-state |
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Term
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Definition
| -the ability to influence the behaviors of others or the course of events |
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Term
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Definition
| -the ability to choose implies power |
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Term
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Definition
| ideas & practice that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses |
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Term
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Definition
| -a worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live |
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Term
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Definition
| -the persuasion of subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by proving some benefits & justification of the rule by the dominant group |
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Term
| what is the seniority principle? |
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Definition
| -where elder takes precedence over younger |
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Term
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Definition
| -thru concern or the threat of physical force |
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Term
| witchcraft as social control |
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Definition
| -people don't want to be witches |
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Term
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Definition
-reciprocity
-redistribution
-market exchange |
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Term
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Definition
-generalized: a gift with no expectation of anything in return
-balance: giving gifts in exchange for another gift
-negative: exchange when you’re trying to get something for nothing or trying to get something better out of the deal |
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Term
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Definition
| -central things that are redistributed to society (ex: taxes : takes from us then redistributes to schools) |
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Term
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Definition
| -the principle that a descent group is made up of connections through mothers and fathers equally (also called cognatic descent) |
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Term
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Definition
| -based upon the principle that a person’s most significant kin relationships come either thru one’s mother or thru one’s father. |
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Term
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Definition
| -children belong to the kin group of their father |
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Term
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Definition
| -children belong to the kin group of their mother |
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Term
| consumption patterns can be based upon |
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Definition
| -needs, resources, or niches that are constructed |
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Term
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Definition
| -socially recognized ties that people have to one another (ex: friendship, marriage) |
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Term
| criteria for kin: generation |
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Definition
| -does the kin term denote anything about generation (ex. Cousin – same generation, 2nd cousin – same generation, cousin once removed is removed by a generation) |
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Term
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Definition
| -(ex: Brother/sister, aunt/uncle) (prima / primo [Italian] distinguishes gender between cousins) |
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Term
| criteria for kin: affinity |
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Definition
| -by relationship of marriage. (ex. distinguishing between mother and mother-in-law) |
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Term
| criteria for kin: collaterality |
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Definition
| -“Off to one side”. Aunt /uncle. You are a direct descendent of your mother and father, but to your aunt/uncle, you’re collaterality |
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Term
| criteria for kin: bifurcation |
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Definition
| -(ex: In some societies, you may call your father’s side cousins brothers and sisters, but your mother’s side cousins, cousins…kind of used to determine who you can age) |
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Term
| criteria for kin: relative age |
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Definition
| -(ex. Older sister, younger brother…) suggests hierarchy between siblings through age |
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Term
| criteria for kin: gender of linking relative |
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Definition
| -Parallel cousin: someone who is like a cousin, but the sex of the linking relative is the same (ex. Father’s brother’s children, mother’s sister’s children) Cross cousin: (ex. Children of your mother’s brother’s children, or your father’s sister’s children.) |
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Term
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Definition
| -a socially approved sexual and economic union |
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Term
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Definition
-Transforms status of participants
-Determines sexual access of married partners to one another
-Provides offspring a place in society
-Creates relationships between kin of couple
-Is symbolically marked thru ritual or action |
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Term
| what woman-woman marriage accomplishes |
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Definition
| -ß If a woman has no male heir, her portion of the family wealth cannot be passed down. Woman-woman marriage offers a solution to this problem |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage to the name of a man who has died childless |
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Term
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Definition
-marriage outside one’s group (kin group or village)
-favors the alliance between groups |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage w/in one’s own group (kin group or village) |
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Term
| define neolocal residence |
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Definition
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Term
| define patrilocal residence |
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Definition
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Term
| define matrilocal residence |
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Definition
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Term
| define avunculocal residence |
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Definition
| -w/ or near groom’s mother’s brother |
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Term
| define avunculocal residence |
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Definition
| -w/ or near groom’s mother’s brother |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage to 1 spouse at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage to more than 1 spouse at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage to more than 1 wife |
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Term
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Definition
| -marriage to more than 1 husband |
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Term
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Definition
-When one wife is sick there is another to care for family
-Companionship between wives
-Sharing of workload
-If one wife is childless, she still has children
-In shortage of men, more women can get married
-Increased status for husband
-More access to land
-More labor on hand for agricultural work |
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Term
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Definition
| -a gift of money or goods from the groom and his kin to the bride’s kin |
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Term
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Definition
| -requires the groom to work for the bride’s family |
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Term
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Definition
| -a transfer of goods or money from the bride’s family to the bride or to the groom’s family |
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Term
| social stratification can be marked by unequal access to: |
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Definition
-Economic resources (access to money or land)
-Power (the ability to influence others)
-Prestige (respect or honor) |
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Term
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Definition
-an informal hierarchy of society based on wealth which is usually, not always, inherited
-can move between social classes by acquiring/losing money or by marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| -formal hierarchy to which a person is assigned at birth and which a person cannot escape |
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Term
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Definition
| -the systematic oppression of a socially defined “race” by another socially defined “race” that is justified by the supposed superiority of the latter |
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Term
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Definition
| -in Haiti – how a river was dammed and the people below weren’t even told about it, so they were literally running from the water.. all for the other richer people in Port au Prince to water their plantations and such |
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Term
| reasons for gendered division of labor |
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Definition
-strength theory
-compatibility w/ childcare theory
-expendability theory (expendability of men) |
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