Term
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Definition
Infants: C3-4
Moves to adult level of C5-6 by 6 years old |
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Term
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Definition
larger in proportion to head
more airway obstruction as a result |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| kids head is larger in proportion to their body, so sniffing position may worsen view of vocal cords |
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Term
| Characteristics of the infant epiglottis |
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Definition
longer
stiffer
U or ohmega shaped
recommend use of miller blade until age 2 or 3 |
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Term
| Smallest portion of airway in kids <8 years old |
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Definition
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Term
| Uncuffed tube use in peds |
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Definition
should leak at pressures >20 cmH2O
used in kids under 8 |
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Term
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Definition
| may aspirate a lose tooth so extraction may be necessary before airway management |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| body surface area of kids |
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Definition
| more than adults so O2 utilization is increased |
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Term
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Definition
| lower in kids so they desaturate faster and have a smaller O2 reserve |
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Term
| Difficult airway association in peds |
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Definition
| less to do with malampatti class and more due to congenital deformaties |
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Term
| What to listen for during physical eval. of children's airway |
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Definition
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Term
| What is snoring a contraindication of in kids? |
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Definition
avoid use of opioids
may worsen obstruction |
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Term
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in kids causes... |
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Definition
| bronchospasm, laryngospasm, & hypoxemia |
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Term
|
Definition
allows for gas delivery w/o CO2 retention
less resistance than circle breathing system to spontaneous ventilation
FGF= 2.5 times minute volume to prevent rebreathing |
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Term
|
Definition
less FGF required
used commonly in peds
controlled/spontaneous ventilation |
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Term
| Jackson-Reese (Mapleson F) |
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Definition
valve to vent excess gas
pressure gauge |
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Term
| Benefits of standard circle breathing system in kids |
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Definition
| conserves heat, humidity, & anesthetic agent |
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Term
| Disadvantage of circle breathing circuit in kids |
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Definition
| tidal vol. to circuit vol. ratio is large so changes in anes. concentration are slow |
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Term
| Why do we use smaller tubing sizes in peds? |
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Definition
decrease compliance losses
minimize deadspace |
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Term
| Miller blade sizes for peds |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
specialty straight blade w/high web and wider end
1.0 <1 year
1.5 : 1-2 years |
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Term
| Formula for ET tube size in kids |
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Definition
Uncuffed: (age/4)+4
Cuffed: (age/4) + 3 |
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Term
|
Definition
sizes 1-2.5
when inflated should be as wide and child's middle 3 fingers |
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Term
|
Definition
| single lumen with blocker incorporated |
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Term
| Is laryngospasm more common in kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of a laryngospasm in kids |
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Definition
PPV by face mask w/jaw thrust
small dose of succinylcholine (0.15mg/kg)
w/atropine pretreatment in infants |
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Term
| Depth of ET tube placement in kids >2 (formula) |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to laryngeal structures as result of difficult airway |
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Definition
vocal cord paralysis
granuloma
arytenoid dislocation
hematoma |
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Term
|
Definition
narrowing of the airway
glottic
subglottic
tracheal
due to prolonged intubation |
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Term
|
Definition
| barking sound due to narrowing of upper airway caused by influenza, RSV, or trauma to airway 0.1-1% of all peds patients |
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Term
|
Definition
humidification
aerosolized racemic epinepherine
steroids (dexmethasone)
airway intervention is last resort |
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Term
| What type of induction is done on kids? |
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Definition
| <10 years, no IV so we do inhalation induction |
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Term
| Gas concentration of inhalation induction in kids |
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Definition
70%N2O and 30%O2
slowly turn up agent to max levels
then reduce to 2 times MAC |
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Term
| speed of pediatric minidrop set |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you do in kids after the IV is placed? |
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Definition
| Turn O2 to 100%, keep agent on |
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Term
|
Definition
atropine
succinylcholine
lidocaine
propofol
ketamine |
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Term
|
Definition
IV: .02 mg/kg
IM: .02 mg/kg
Minimum dose: .1 mg |
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Term
| Succinylcholine dose in kids |
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Definition
IV: 2-3 mg/kg
IM: 4-6 mg/kg
Caution: may cause bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
4 cc/kg for first 10 kg
2 cc/kg for next 10 kg
1 cc/kg for rest of their weight |
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Term
|
Definition
| newborn to 1 month of age |
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