• Proterozoic - Pre-Cambrian/4.5bya to 570 mya
• Paleozoic - 570 mya to 225 mya
• Mesozoic - 225 mya to 65 mya
• Cenozoic - 65 mya to present

• Teriary - 65 mya to 1.6 mya; includes:
• Neogene and Paleogene Periods and Paleocene to Pliocene epochs.
• Quaternary - 1.6 mya to present; includes Pleistogene Period and Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs.

• Paleogene - 65 mya to 23 mya
• Neogene - 23 mya to 1.6 mya
• Pleistogene -1.6 mya to present

Paleocene Epoch

65 mya to 56.5 mya

Eocene Epoch

56.5 mya to 35.4 mya

23.3 mya to 5.2 mya

• golden age hominids
•  Gigantopithecus

• Pleiocene - 5.2 mya to 1.64 mya
• Pleistocene - 1.64 mya to 10,000 BP
• Holocene - 10,000 BP to present

Classification of Modern Humans

Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Chordata--a chord that is called a spinal chord (for us) that is connected to the brain.

Subphylum: Vertebrata, all have spinal columns

Mammalia--

• Placental (all have 4-chambered heart, diaphram, hair, mammeries, & teeth) p
• Pouched--Marsupial
• Egg-laying--Monotremes

Subclass Theria--live young

Infraclass Eutheria--specifically placental

Primate--pentadactalism ((5-fingers), apes, monkeys, prosimians.)

Suborder: Anthropoidea--similar to human

Superfamily: Hominoidea--human like

Hominidae--all humans are hominids, but not all hominids are human.

Sapiens--knowing/thinking individual

Subspecies (sapiens)--wise

*Homo and sapiens are ALWAYS underlined.

*Species & Subspecies are lowercase.

• egg-laying mammal(monotremes)
• pouched mammals (marsupials)--born extremely immature, complete development done in pouch of mother.
• placental mammals--longer gestation to develop in utero by placenta carrying fetal nutrients

• Protista (single celledeukaryotes)
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
• Monera (Prokaryotes--Bacteria)

Proterozoic Eras

Pre-Cambrian

4.5 bya - 570 mya 

570 mya - 225 mya

• Continents came together to form a single, colossal landmass called Pangea;
• variaties fishes, amphibians, reptiles. 

Mesozoic Eras

225 mya - 65 mya

• early mesozoic, two continents split are called laurasia and gondwanaland
• end mesozoic age current positions of continents;
• reptiles dominate especially dinosaurs.
• first placental mammals appear 70mya
• late Mesozoic

65 mya - present

• (A.D. 1950) before radiation
• castastrophic occurrence
• replaced reptiles;
• age of mammals has begun; we are currently in this era.

Pleiocene epoch

Earliest Hominids

5.2 mya - 1.64 mya;

• moved out of continent to other parts of Africa

Pleistocene epoch

Earliest Hominids

1.64 - 10,000 B.P. (1950 A.D.)

• ice age
• great migration of humans spread out of Africa to other parts of earth.

Holocene epoch

Earliest Hominids

10,000 B.P. - present (1950 A.D.);

before radiation

current epoch