Term
| What are three signs of cell death? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- increased growth
- all cells can do this |
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Term
|
Definition
- cell division
- only labile and stable cells |
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Term
| What are examples of permanent cells? |
|
Definition
- neurons
- cardiac muscle cell
- skeletal muscle cell |
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Term
| What are examples of stable cells? |
|
Definition
- fibroblasts
- smooth muscle cell
- some epithelial cells |
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Term
| What are examples of labile cells? |
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Definition
- epithelial cells of skin
- epithelial cells of the intestine
- bone marrow stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
| - being continuously replaced |
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Term
| What is the primary response of skin cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: stable cells can be induced to undergo hyperplasia by a stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| When cells are injured, what does their response depend on? |
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Definition
- inherent ability to duplicate
- type of cell |
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Term
| What is the G1 stage of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
- first stage of growth cycle
- develops all components to divide |
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Term
| What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the M phase of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the cell cycle regulated? |
|
Definition
- growth factors
- hormones
- cytokines |
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Term
| What part of the body does Epidermal Growth Factor regulate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the body does vascular endothelial growth factor regulate? |
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Definition
| - cells that line blood vessels |
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Term
| How are embryonic and adult stem cells different? |
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Definition
- embryonic = can develop any tissue they want
- adult = have limit to how they can differentiate |
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Term
| What is the macroscopic description of cell death? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of necrosis? |
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Definition
- coagulative (i.e gangrene)
- liquifactive (i.e pus, abscess)
- caseous (i.e dry, crumbly appearance) |
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Term
| What are some examples of histological descriptors? |
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Definition
- swelling (i.e cellular swelling, fatty change)
- shrinkage (i.e apoptosis)
- autophagy
- oncosis |
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Term
|
Definition
- cell shrinkage
- caspase induced proteolysis |
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Term
|
Definition
- self-destruction of cells
- autophagosomes formed
- fuse with lysosomes |
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Term
|
Definition
- loss of membrane function
- cell swells due to membrane function |
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Term
| What are examples of accidental cell death? |
|
Definition
- trauma
- freezing
- burns
- infarct |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is an example of programmed cell death? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three type of cell death? |
|
Definition
- accidental
- programmed
- regulated |
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|
Term
| Why are free radicals dangerous? |
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Definition
| - damage both outer and inner membranes |
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|
Term
| What do scavengers do to free radicals? |
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Definition
| - soak up free radical and neutralize them during inflammation |
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|
Term
| What are the natural antioxidants? |
|
Definition
- vitamin A, C, E
- glutathione |
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|
Term
| What is intrinsic cellular aging? |
|
Definition
- chromosomal shortening
- clock genes |
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|
Term
| What is extrinsic cellular aging? |
|
Definition
- lifetime wear and tear
- oxygen derived free radicals |
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