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| the scientific discipline that studies the composition, properties, and transformations of matter |
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| anything that occupies space and has mass; the physical material of the universe |
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| a substance consisting of atoms of the same atomic number. historically defined as a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means |
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| the smallest representative particle of an element |
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| a characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity |
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| a chemical combination of two or more atoms |
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| matter that has no fixed volume or shape; it conforms to the volume and shape of its container |
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| matter that has distinct volume, but no specific shape |
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| matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume |
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| the three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, and gas |
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| matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties |
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| a substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions |
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| law of constant composition |
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| a law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source; aka law of definite proportions |
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| law of definite proportions |
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| a law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source; aka law of constant composition |
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| a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity |
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| a mixture of substance that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture |
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| properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance, for example, color and freezing point |
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| properties that describe a substance's composition and its reactivity; how that substance reacts or changes into other substances |
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| changes (such as a phase change) that occur with no change in chemical compostion |
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| transformations of matter from one state to a different |
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| processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical changes |
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| a property that is independent of the amount of material considered, for example, density |
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| a property that depends on the amount of material considered; for example, mass or volume |
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| the general process of advancing scientific knowledge by making experimental observations and by formulating hypotheses, theories, and laws |
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| a concise verbal statement or mathematical equation that summarizes a wide range of observations and experiences |
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| a tentative explanation of a series of observations or of a natural law |
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| a tested model or explanation that satisfactorily accounts for a certain set of phenomena |
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| the preferred metric units for use in science |
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| a measure of the the amount of material in an object. it measures the resistance of an object to being moved. in SI units, mass is measured in kilograms |
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| the absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature is the kelvin. zero on the kelvin scale corresponds to -237.15*C |
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| a temperature scale on which water freezes at 0* and boils at 100* at sea level |
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| the ration of an object's mass to its volume |
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| the closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement |
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| a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with correct value |
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| the digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; all digits of a measure quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain |
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| a method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. dimensional analysis ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units |
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| a ratio relating the same quantity it two systems of units that is used to convert the units of measurement |
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