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- point of trade for Rome, as well as a source of water and travel (which was in turn a way to spread influence)
- one of the longest rivers in Italy
- Augustus put officials in charge of the river
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- Caelian, Esquiline, Viminal, Quirinal, Aventine:
- Capitoline: temples here, most important hill in terms of religion
i. earliest temple- Jupiter Optimus Maximus
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- Palatine: the hill on which Romulus founded Rome
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- (509-44 BC) :
- Founded in 509 BC with the ousting of Tarquinius Superbus and the linking of several hut communities on the hills
- Rome becomes a city with a clear urban plan, social order with physical manifestations, an organized army, and a shared religion
- At the end of this period, Rome was 300 square miles and had a population and 35,000
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| (48-44 BC) : dictator to get Rome out of civil war and ended up taking supreme power |
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- 31 BC- 14 AD) : first emperor of Rome
- He tried to combat the moral decay of the empire and so made such laws as the Lex Iulia
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| (31 BC on) : began under Octavian when the Senate gave him supreme authority over the empire |
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| (284-305 AD): Split of the empire into east and west (285 AD) |
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| established by Diocletian in 293 AD (ended in 313 AD) so that four people would be in command, each over a quarter of the empire |
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- first Catholic emperor, became emperor in 306 AD
- Issued an edict in 313 BC which mandated religious tolerance
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- from the 8th century BC
- The twin sons of Rhea Silvia and Mars who were suckled by the she-wolf and brought up by Faustulus
- After they grew up, they returned to Alba Longa (got revenge for their father??)
- Then they returned to the Palatine Hill and founded Rome
- Romulus and Remus wanted to found Rome on different hills, they fought and R
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- Luna was an ancient Etruscan city which was renowned for its marble, which was quarried from the neighboring mountains of Carrara
- Most of the temples in ancient Rome were built of or faced with Luna marble
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| chief priest, main office of the emperor |
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- Vesta- goddess of the hearth and therefore of the city
- Vestal Virgin: priestesses of Vesta, main job
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| highest civil and military magistrate; there were 2 per year (in order that one person might not get too much power) until the Empire |
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| it was the main governmental power in the Republic and had greatly reduced influence in the Empire |
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| center of legal and religious activity in ancient Rome |
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| platform or stage for public speaking |
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| Laws of the Twelve Tables |
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| first codified Roman law written during the Early Republic |
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| last effective of Egypt’s Ptolemaic dynasty, has a child by Julius Caesar and takes up with Marc Antony after his death; ends up committing suicide |
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| non-military title of the Roman emperor |
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- procession of the military after a triumph by the general; in the Empire, only the emperor could have a triumphal procession
- Procession was a show of slaves, booty etc. that they had captured while on campaign
- was thought to begin in the Circus Flaminius and end at the Temple of JOM
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| “the great drain” that drained out the forum, the water went into the Tiber and the area became a gathering place and a basilica was built here |
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| official language of the Roman empire |
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~ Tiberius (14-37 AD)
~ Gaius/ Caligula (37-41 AD)
~ Claudius (41-54 AD)
~ Nero (54-68 AD)
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Vespasian (69-79 AD)
~ Titus (79-81 AD)
~ Domitian (81-96 AD)
~ Nerva (96 AD)
~ Trajan (98-117 AD)
~ Hadrian (117-138 AD)
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Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD)
~ Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD)
~ Lucius Verus (SUCKED!!!! jk)
~ Commodus (180-193 AD)
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Septimius Severus: (193-211 AD)
~ Caracalla: (211-217 AD)
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Period of the Soldier Emperors: 235-284 AD
Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (Empire split into E&W): 285 AD
Constantine moves E. capital to Constantinople: 312 AD
Romulus Augustulus (last W. Roman emperor): 475 AD
W. Rome falls to Ostrogoth king Odoacer: 476 AD
Odoacer (in W): 476+ AD
Fall of the E. Roman Empire: 15th century AD
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