Term
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Definition
| the study of the nature of diseases |
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Term
| What is the "cause" of a disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "development" of a disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the manner in which a disease is expressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the consequences or predicted outcomes of a disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the response of a living organism to some form of injury that results in structional or functional change judged to be abnormal |
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Term
| What is disease an impairment of? (4) |
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Definition
1.cell
2.tissue
3.organ
4.system function |
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Term
| What is defined as: A state of well-being, soundess, and vigor. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is health usually characterized in terms of? |
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Definition
| baseline cellular or tissue structure |
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Term
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Definition
| by the level of freedom from pain or physical disease |
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Term
| Is "health" the same for everyone? |
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Definition
| no, its a matter of perception |
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Term
| What do deviations from normal cause? |
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Definition
| cause functional changes or structural changes that are visible |
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Term
| What does the term "functional changes" refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the term "structional changes" refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are structural changes often termed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are structure and function related? |
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Definition
| intimately related, alteration of one leads to alteration of the other |
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Term
| What are the two types of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| How quickly does an acute disease arise? How long do they last? |
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Definition
| arises quickly but only lasts a short time (~2 weeks) |
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Term
| What are the symptoms like in an acute disease? |
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Definition
| acute diseases are accompanied by distinctive symptoms |
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Term
| How fast do chronic diseases arise? How long do they last? |
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Definition
| begins slowly, persists for a long time |
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Term
| What are the symptoms like in a chronic disease? |
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Definition
| signs and symptoms are difficult to interpret |
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Term
| How do we detect diseases? |
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Definition
| through assessments via observable and measurable changes in appearance or performance |
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Term
| How do we assess for diseases? |
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Definition
| recording a medical history, performing a physical exam, and collecting other data |
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Term
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Definition
| direct observations by the examiner(things WE see) |
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Term
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Definition
| complaints reported by the patient |
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Term
| What is all disease caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different levels at which injury may occur? (4) |
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Definition
1.molecular
2.cellular
3.tissue
4.organ |
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Term
| Is all disease caused by the direct injury? |
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Definition
| disease may be caused by injury OR from the body's reaction to the injury |
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Term
| Where can injury arise from? |
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Definition
| external(exogenous) or internal (endogenous) sources |
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Term
| What are some common risk factors for disease? (7) |
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Definition
1.genetic
2.immune function
3.age
4.lifestyle
5.stress
6.environment
7.pre-existing conditions |
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Term
| What is inadequate oxygen called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a disease's process of development |
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Term
| What is incubation period? |
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Definition
| the period between infection of an individual pathogen and the manifestation of the disease it causes |
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Term
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Definition
| action that makes a problem or a disease (or its symptoms) worse |
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Term
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Definition
| healthy balance, stop of disease progression |
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Term
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Definition
| new condition that occurs after initial disease |
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Term
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Definition
| weak, malaise, or in a disease state |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is disease complication? |
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Definition
| A pathological process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease; it may result from the disease or from independent causes |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden deterioration of health after a period of improvement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What all can a cell do in response to injury? (6) |
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Definition
1.atrophy
2.hypertrophy
3.hyperplasia
4.metaplasia
5.dysplasia
6.neoplasia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of one cell type with another that can better endure the stress |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal differentiation of dividing cells |
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Term
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Definition
| can no longer function or appear like the normal cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does SOAP stand for? |
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Definition
S-subjective
O-objective
A-apprasial
P-plan |
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Term
| What is done in the subjective phase? |
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Definition
| information is gathered from patient on symptoms and history |
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Term
| What do you look for in the subjective phase? (3) |
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Definition
1.discomfort
2.function
3.functional changes |
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Term
| What do we want to do overall in the subjective phase? |
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Definition
| explore the problem reported- duration, location, etc. |
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Term
| What is done int he objective phase? |
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Definition
| looking for signs that can be observed and measured by palpation, visual, or percussion(look for soft or hard tissue changes) |
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Term
| What information is needed when describing lesions? |
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Definition
1.location
2.size/shape
3.color
4.description
5.duration |
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Term
| How should you describe the location of a lesion? |
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Definition
| use dental terminology, pick a fixed reference point close to the lesion |
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Term
| How do you describe the distribution of a lesion? |
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Definition
| localized, generalized, single, unicular, multiple, lobular |
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Term
| How do you describe the margins of a lesion? |
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Definition
| well defined or circumsized, irregular, or diffuse |
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Term
| How do you describe the size/shape of a lesion? |
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Definition
| measure length, width, diameter of round lesions, if elevated include after the length |
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Term
| How do you describe the direction of a growth? |
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Definition
exophytic-grows outward
endophytic-grows inward |
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Term
| How do you describe the base of a lesion? |
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Definition
| sessile(broad base) or pedunculated (stalk-like base) |
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Term
| How can you describe the consistency of a lesion? |
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Definition
| soft, dough-like, firm, fluctuant(fluid filled) |
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Term
| How can you describe the surface texture of a lesion? |
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Definition
| smooth, rough, papillary, corrugated (ridges in it), fissured, crusted, pseudomembraned |
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Term
| What is a macule?- size?, color? |
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Definition
-flat
-less than 1 cm
-different color than surroundings |
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Term
| What is a patch? -size, color, texture |
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Definition
-flat, nonraised
-larger than 1 cm
-different in color, texture or both from surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
-flat top, solid
-raised
-larger than 1 cm
*looks like it is pasted on* |
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Term
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Definition
-elevated, solid
-any color
-less than 1 cm
-pedunculated or sessile based
**superficial (on the surface)** |
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Term
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Definition
-raised, flat, or submerged
-solid with a dimension of depth
-any color
-less than 1 cm
**down in the tissue** |
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Term
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Definition
-raised
-solid mass with a dimension of depth
-any color
-greater than 1 cm |
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Term
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Definition
-fluid filled elevation
-lymph or serum
-in the epidermis
-less than 1 cm
-ruptures leaving ulcer |
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Term
| Where are the different locations for radiographic lesions? |
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Definition
1.periapical
2.inter-radicular
3.edentulous
4.pericoronal |
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Term
| What does it mean if a lesions is located periapically? |
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Definition
| it is at the apex of a tooth |
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Term
| What does it mean if a lesion is inter-radicular? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean if a lesion is located endentously? |
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Definition
| it is located in an endentulous area |
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Term
| What does it mean if a lesion is located pericoronally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a unilocular lesion? |
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Definition
| one lesion, not multiple, describes radiographs |
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Term
| What is a multiocular lesion? |
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Definition
| a radiographic lesion with multiple separate areas |
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Term
| what are the two types of borders for radiographic lesions? |
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Definition
1.well demarcated(corticated)
2.poorly defined(noncoricated) |
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Term
| What are some types of radiograpic lesions? |
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Definition
1.focal opacity
2.target lesion
3.irregular
4.ground glass
5.mixed |
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Term
| What is developed in the appraisal phase? |
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Definition
| a differential or "working diagnosis" |
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Term
| What is done in the appraisal phase? |
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Definition
| seek further information to support or reject your hypothesis(further questioning, lab tests) |
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Term
| What is determined at the end of the apprasial phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some different types of biopsy procedures? |
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Definition
-incisional
-excisional
-needle
-cytological smear
-brush biopsy |
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Term
| What is an incisional biopsy? |
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Definition
| take part of the lesion, dome primarily for diagnosis |
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Term
| What is an excisional biopsy? |
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Definition
| take the entire lesion, done for diagnosis and treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| insert needle and aspirate some cells, done with deeper tissues like organs |
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Term
| What is a cytological smear? |
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Definition
| takes sloughed or scraped surface epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| takes just the epithelium, can be done chairside |
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Term
| What gives the best diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs in the planning phase? |
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Definition
| treatment planned based on diagnosis |
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