Term
| Define the job of a police officer |
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Definition
also known as peace officers
given power and legal protection - more so than the ordinary citizen
broader power and more protection from liability
police officers are generalists
prevent, investigate, apprehend
peacekeeping, problem solving, order maintenance
partnership with the community
other miscellaneous tasks |
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Term
| the elements of police control |
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Definition
authority:
having the right to be obeyed
power:
implemented by individual officers and is to be used if there is citizen resistance
persuasion:
trying to convince an individual to comply with the rules (using symbols, words and arguments)
force:
the element of physical control
- the power to use coercive force - physical force, deadly force, take away individuals liberty
- force is not unlimited, it is limited by the law |
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Term
| last 3 features of the english heritage on american policing |
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Definition
limited police authority: (legitimacy problems)
- our legal tradition values individual liberty and governmental authority
decentralization (local control of law enforcement agencies and variation)
- most nations have a centralized, national police force
fragmented police system (one agencies may not know what the other is doing)
- separate law enforcement agencies, little coordination and national control |
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Term
| tammany hall political machine |
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Definition
| local politicians controlled the police department and created an atmosphere of corruption |
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Term
| three eras of policing in the united states |
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Definition
political
reform or professional
community era |
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Term
political era
(B.C.D.F.P) |
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Definition
broad social services
citizen
decentralized
foot patrol
political satisfaction |
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Term
reform or professional era
(C.R.P.L) |
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Definition
crime control
rapid response
preventative patrol
law and professionalism |
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Term
community era
(C.C.P.P.Q.F.L) |
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Definition
citizen satisfaction
community support
problem solving
public relation
quality of life
foot patrol
law and professionalism |
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Term
| myths related to policing |
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Definition
police officers are crime fighters
- which means most of their time is spent investigating and arresting
police do not change
- police styles are required to evolve and change to become more effective
- one change calls for the rejection of the "dirty harry problem"
-- using dirty or illegal means to achieve a good end
police agencies are mainly responsible for investigation and are not forensic anthropologists
- forensic anthropologist
-- analyze human remains - work with unidentified and decomposed human remains and skeletal remains
-- work with medical examiners, coroners, and courts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cops, reality, or distortion of reality? |
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Definition
| car chases, shootouts, continually exciting job |
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Term
| what are the top three reasons as to why citizens call the police? |
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Definition
1. citizens want information 21%
- asking for road directions
2. nonviolent offenses 17%
- burglary
3. assistance 17%
animal problems |
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Term
| differences between local, county, tribal, state, and federal law enforcement agencies? |
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Definition
federal:
military police, tribal police, u.s. postal inspectors, FBI, DEA, u.s. marshall, u.s. secret service
state:
highway patrol
county:
sheriff |
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Term
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Definition
jurisdiction: indin country - federal, state, or tribal agencies
- authority over all tribal members and the authority to arrest and detain non-indians
- these powers are limited to tribal lands |
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Term
| most number of police officers work at what level of law enforcement |
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Definition
12501 - local police departments
3063 - sheriffs offices
1733 - special jurisdiction agencies
49 - state police agencies |
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Term
| what states employ more state and local police officers? |
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Definition
new york
illinois
california
pennsylvania |
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Term
| what are the purposes/functions of police patrol? |
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Definition
protect public safety
enforce the law
control traffic
criminal investigations
interpret the law |
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Term
| how has technology changed the relationship between police officers, the public, and the administrative staff? |
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Definition
cover more geographical area with the use of cars
allows for a rapid response to calls but limits face-to-face interactions |
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Term
| advancements in technology |
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Definition
call for service
two way radios
computers in the field
computer software
DNA alaysis |
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Term
| how has policing changed since 9/11? |
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Definition
stricter
more safeguards
tighter airport security and security overall
tighter boarder patrol |
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Term
| describe the quasi-military style of policing? |
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Definition
law enforcement agencies resemble the military:
uniforms
ranks
hierarchical structure
authoritarian
weapons and legal authority |
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Term
| criticisms of quasi-military style policing |
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Definition
us versus them
war and crime
authoritarian style conflicts to democratic principles
authoritarian style influences moral and the structure is rigid |
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Term
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Definition
social and technological changes led to an increase in the complexity of police organization
- geographical model now includes more areas
- police department formed specialized unit and hired new personnel
- bureaucratic structure was form |
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Term
| how are law enforcement agencies different from the military? |
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Definition
serves the public
provide services to help individuals
constrained by laws that protect citizens
individual discretion |
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Term
| describe the rank system in policing |
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Definition
time in rank system
a promotion system - advanced in rank after spending time in the preceding rank
officers, commanders, sergeants, lieutenants, captains, majors, chiefs |
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Term
| what are some elements/characteristics of bureaucracy? |
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Definition
complex organization
tasks are grouped into differe]]=nt divisions
the structure of organization is hierarchal
task delegated to lower ranks
chain of command
report and answer to one supervisor
rules and regulations
information flow
clear career path |
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Term
| what are beats and precincts? |
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Definition
beats
- foot patrol, patrol car, motorcycle, bicycle
- officer should be familiar with the people and conditions of their beats
precincts/districts/stations
collection of beats
administrative office, locker rooms, detention cells, meeting room, store equipment |
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Term
| what are some of the requirement to become a police officer? |
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Definition
age
height and weight
education
criminal record
residency |
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Term
| the functions/purposes of the operational unit of policing? |
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Definition
activities done assist the public
patrol
traffic
criminal investigations
vice
community relations
crime prevention |
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Term
| what are the functions/purposes of the administrative unit? |
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Definition
not in direct assistance of the public - benefit the organization
personnel
training
planning and analysis
intelligence
internal affairs
legal assistance |
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Term
| what are the functions/purposes of the auxiliary unit? |
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Definition
available to assist police officers throughout the day
communications
records
property
equipment
laboratory
detention |
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Term
| what are the benefits of having a police union? |
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Definition
legally authorized to have bargaining power to represent individual officers as a group
collective bargaining:
- legal right
- recognized
- employee negotiate
- employers negotiate with union representatives |
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Term
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Definition
| imaginary diseases affecting police officers who call in sick claiming to be ill to support union demands |
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Term
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Definition
| a code of silence among police officers where officers refuse to testify against corrupt officers creating a veil of secrecy among police actions |
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Term
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Definition
formal training
weed out
socialize recruits |
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Term
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Definition
| some studies say that there are no differences between black and white officers and use of force |
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Term
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Definition
professional courtesy - showing your badge to get out of a speeding ticket
even serious offenses such as drunk driving are subject to professional courtesy subjection |
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Term
| hard chargers or station queens |
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Definition
hard chargers:
real men, real cops who relish danger
station queens:
believe to prefer the safety and sanctuary of precinct house duty (desk duty) |
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Term
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Definition
nature of the job
organizational elements
community relations
politics and media
family and personal life |
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Term
| stressors related to police work |
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Definition
external and personal stress
operational stress
organization stress |
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Term
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Definition
crime fighter/zealot
social agent
law enforcer
the watchmen |
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Term
| woman and minorities in policing today |
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Definition
women represent a small percentage
1/4 represent a racial minority |
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Term
| why are women underepresented? |
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Definition
recruitment is targeted towards men
biased entry test
sexual harassment
discrimination
lack of mentors |
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Term
| issues faced by minority and women officers? |
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Definition
hidden curriculum
women treated as outsides
degrades and objectifies women
resists powerful women
the presence of women exaggerates gender differences |
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Term
| challenges for police officers today and in the future |
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Definition
technology
computer systems are outdated
greater need for collaboration and info sharing between agencies
different software programs for different law enforcement agencies
police culture is very resistant to change |
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Term
| fragmentation issues faced by law enforcement agencies |
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Definition
lack of coordination
competition
displacement
duplication of services
inconsistent standards |
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Term
what is compstat
- how can it assist police officers in fighting crime |
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Definition
compare stats
organizational innovation - a management process using computer technology, operational strategy, and managerial accountability to structure how a police department provides services
- created out of meetings with NYPD
collects data on arrest, calls for service, and complaints - data are processed, mapped and analyzed
- executive team manages the process |
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Term
| four principles of the compstat process |
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Definition
accurate and timely intelligence
rapid focused deployment of personal resources
effective tactics
relentless follow up and assessment |
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Term
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Definition
families and neighbors grouped in tens (tythings) were responsible for protecting settlements and dealing with minor problems
- disturbances, fire, wild animals
alerted neighbors of trouble through hue and cry
- apprehend and deliver the suspect |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
did not get a regular salary
- ten tythings were grouped into a "hundred" |
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Term
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Definition
| were grouped into shires (current day counties) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
shire
- who controls them |
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Definition
| shire reeves - current day sheriff |
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Term
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Definition
apprehending criminals
serving subpoena
court appearances
collecting taxes
- tasks were more reactive in nature
- county sheriffs were appointed & were the most important official in the counties |
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Term
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Definition
| assisted shire reeve but later performed judicial functions |
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Term
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Definition
paid police who were hired by private businesses
- corrupt
- violent |
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Term
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Definition
Henry Fielding
more organized less corrupt form of private policing |
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Term
Compare/Contrast:
19th century policing
to today |
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Definition
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#1 |
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Definition
| the basic mission for which police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by military force and severity of legal punishment. |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#2 |
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Definition
| the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon PUBLIC APPROVAL of police existence, actions, behavior, and the ability of the police to secure and maintain PUBLIC RESPECT |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#3 |
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Definition
| the police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain public respect |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#4 |
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Definition
| the degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes, proportionately, to the necessity for the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving police objectives |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#5 |
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Definition
| the police seek and preserve public favor, not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to the law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws; by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of society without regard to their race or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor; and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life. |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#6 |
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Definition
| the police should use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of PERSUASION, ADVICE AND WARNING is found to be insufficient to achieve police objectives; and police should use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective. |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#7 |
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Definition
| the police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that THE POLICE ARE THE PUBLIC and THE PUBLIC ARE THE POLICE; the police are the only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the intent of the community welfare |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#8 |
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Definition
| the police should always direct their actions toward their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary by avenging individuals or the state, or authoritatively judging guilt or punishing the guilty |
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Term
robert peels 9 principles of law enforcement
#9 |
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Definition
| the test of police efficiency is the ABSENCE of crime and disorder, not the VISIBLE EVIDENCE of police action in dealing with them |
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Term
Early history of policing in England
- crime was seen as what kind of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
Early history of policing in England
- kin police |
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Definition
first form of public control
gave citizens control over their neighbors
kin police system then evolved to frankpledge system
- males over age 12 formed a group of 9 neighbors
then parish constable system
- men from parish served one year term
-- organized groups of watchmen to guard town gates |
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Term
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Definition
organized within the church but reported to the constable
-patrolled at night
- duties were to protect community from robberies, disturbances, etc. |
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