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| critical theory perspective |
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| a perspective that focuses on deeply embedded forces from all persepectives and levels of analysis |
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| Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons that can kill large numbers of human beings and/or destroy vast portions of physical structures and the environment. |
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Systemic: systemwide, including all states
Domestic: character in domestic system of specific states
Individual: events in individual leaders or immediate circle of decision makers
Foreign Policy: decisions of foreign policy officials |
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| a formal defense arrangement wherein states align against a greater power to prevent dominance |
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| a school of realism that sees hegemony as stabilizing adn war as most likely when a rising power challenges a previously dominant one and the balance of power approaches equilibrium |
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| the nongovernmental sector |
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| goals, such as clean air, which are indivisible (they exist for all or none) and cannot be appropriated (their consumption by one party does not diminish consumption by another) |
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| the mutual reduction of arms to a minimum |
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| a community of individuals or countries that share a broad base of common knowledge and trust |
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| states whose domestic institutions have collapsed |
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| the various international institutions and great powers groups that help govern the global economy |
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| stability provided by a hegemon rather than through equilibrium or a balance of power |
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| a situation in which one country is more powerful than all the others |
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| the mutual dependence of states and nonstate actors in the international system through conference, trade, tourism, and the like |
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| including all states in international diplomacy |
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| nonstate actors such as student, tourist, and professional associations that are not subject to direct government control |
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| ideas that govern the procedural or substantive terms of state behavior, such as reciprocity or human rights |
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| theorists who seek to expose the hidden or masked meanings of language and discourse in international relations in order to gain space to imagine alternatives |
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| an attack against a country that is preparing to attack you |
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| a war against a country that is not preparing to attack you but is growing in power and may attack you in the future |
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| states behaving toward one another based largely on mutual exchanges that entail interdependent benefits or disadvantages |
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| states that seek systematically to acquire nuclear weapons with the possible intent of passing them on to nonstate terrorists |
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| additional expenses incurred in long distance exchanges |
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| the aligning of states with a greater power to share the spoils of dominance |
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| the establishment of common institutions and rules among states to settle disputes peacefully and to enforce agreements by a preponderance, not a balance of power |
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| was the balance of power that existed in Europe from the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to the outbreak of World War I (1914), albeit with major alterations after the revolutions of 1848. Its founding powers were Austria, Prussia, the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom, the members of the Quadruple Alliance responsible for the downfall of the First French Empire. In time France was established as a fifth member of the concert. At first, the leading personalities of the system were British foreign secretary Lord Castlereagh, Austrian chancellor Klemens von Metternich and Russian czar Alexander I. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord of France was largely responsible for quickly returning that country to its place alongside the other major powers in international diplomacy. |
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| a policy of making concessions to a stronger foe because a nation is less willing to consider the use of force |
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| the view that a particular state, and especially the US is distinct due to its specific history and unique institutions |
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| systematic persecution and extermination of a group of people on the basis of their national, ethnic, racial or religious identity |
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| the right of autonomy of nations to decide their own domestic identities |
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| strategy of deterrence that relies on a few nuclear weapons to retaliate and inflict unacceptable damage on the adversary |
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| a strategy of deterrence in which one country uses nuclear weapons to deter an attack on the territory of an allied country |
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| protecting nuclear missiles so that enough will survive a first strike attack to be used to retaliate and ensure a level of unacceptable damage |
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| a coalition led by India, Yugoslavia, and Egypt that stressed neutrality in the Cold War |
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| conflicts in peripheral areas in which nuclear powers tested each other's military capabilities and resolve |
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| US policy that defined cold war in ideological terms |
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| transnational network of smugglers to spread nuclear materials and technology to rogue states and terrorists |
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| software attacks against countries' computer systems controlling defense and other strategic operations |
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