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| The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
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| A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. |
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| What is a cultural universal? |
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| A common practice or belief found in every culture. |
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| The process of introducing a new idea or object in a culture through discovery or invention. |
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| The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality before. |
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| The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before. |
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| The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society. |
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| Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires. |
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| What is material culture? |
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| The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. |
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| What is nonmaterial culture? |
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| Ways of using material objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication. |
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| A period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. |
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| The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior. |
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| An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture, includes gestures and other nonverbal communication. |
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| What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? |
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| A hypothesis concerning the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality. It holds that language is culturally determined. |
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| An established standard of behavior maintained by a society. |
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| A norm that has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators. |
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| Governmental social control. |
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| What is an informal norm? |
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| A norm that is generally understood but not precisely recorded. |
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| Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. |
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| Norms governing everyday behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern. |
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| A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. |
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| A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture. |
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| What is dominant ideology? |
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| A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. |
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| A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society. |
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| Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. |
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| A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. |
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| The feeling of surprise and disorientation that people experience when they encounter cultural practices that are different from their own. |
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| The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. |
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| What is cultural relativism? |
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| The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture. |
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| The use of two or more languages in a particular setting, such as the work place or schoolroom. |
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| Are slang words an example of culture? |
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| Which anthropologist compiled a list of cultural universals? |
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Term
| The identification of a new moon of Saturn was an act of? |
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| The distinction between elements of material and nonmaterial culture was made by which sociologist? |
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| What term did William F. Ogburn introduce to refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? |
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| Sociobiologists apply this man's principle of natural selection to the study of social behavior? |
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| The statement "respect your elders" reflects what? |
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| In the US , we often formalize norms into what? |
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| True are false: Norms can conflict with other norms? |
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| True or False: People follow norms in all situations. |
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| Health, love, and democracy are examples of what? |
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| Which theoretical perspective maintains that stability requires a consensus and the support of society's members? |
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Definition
| The functionalist perspective. |
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| Which sociological perspective argues that a common culture serves to maintain the privileges of some groups while keeping others in subservient position? |
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Definition
| The conflict perspective. |
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| Who argued that a capitalist society has a dominant ideology that serves the interests of the ruling class? |
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| Residents of a retirement community, workers on an offshore oil rig, and rodeo riders are all examples of what sociologists refer to as... |
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| Terrorist groups are examples of what? |
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| Which sociological perspective emphasizes that ethnocentrism serves to maintain a sense of solidarity by promoting group pride? |
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Definition
| The functionalist perspective. |
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| By 2006, how many states in the US had declared English to be their official language? |
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| Who coined the term ethnocentrism? |
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| The requirements for a college major and the rules of a card game are considered what? |
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