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Introduction to Psychology Chapter 6
Chapter 6
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2012
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Term
Encoding memory process
 Definition
The process of putting information into a form that the memory system can accept and use.
Term
Storage memory process
 Definition
The process of maintaining information in the memory system over time.
Term
Retrieval memory process
 Definition
The process of recalling information stored in memory.
Term
Recall
 Definition
The retrieval of events or information from the past
Term
Recognition
 Definition
The ability to identify previously encountered events, objects, or people.
Term
Relearning
 Definition
Retrieving information that has already been learned.
Term
Episodic memory
 Definition
Memory for events in one’s own past.
Term
Semantic memory
 Definition
Memory for generalized knowledge about the world.
Term
Implicit memory
 Definition
The unintentional recollection and influence of prior experiences.
Term
Maintenance rehearsal
 Definition
A memorization method that involves repeating information over and over to keep it in memory.
Term
Elaborative rehearsal
 Definition
A memorization method that relates new information to information already stored in memory.
Term
Explicit memory
 Definition
The process through which people deliberately try to remember something.
Term
Chunking
 Definition
Stimuli that are perceived as units or meaningful groupings of information. Used to increase short-term memory.
Term
Sensory memory
 Definition
Briefly holds representations of stimuli from each sense for further processing. Large capacity. Less than one second duration.
Term
Short term and working memory
 Definition
Holds information in awareness and manipulates it to accomplish mental work. 5 to 9 items or chunks capacity. About 18 second duration.
Term
Long term memory
 Definition
Stores new information indefinitely. Unlimited capacity. Unlimited duration.
Term
State-dependent memory
 Definition
Learning and recalling are based upon the physiological and mental state of the organism.
Term
Retrieval cue
 Definition
Stimuli that allow or help people to recall information.
Term
Schema
 Definition
Mental representations of categories of objects, places, events, and people. Known characteristics of a certain object.
Term
Flashbulb memory
 Definition
A highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard.
Term
Cerebral cortex
 Definition
Area of the brain related to memory.
Term
Anterograde amnesia
 Definition
A loss of memory for events that occur after a brain injury.
Term
Retrograde amnesia
 Definition
A loss of memory for events that occurred prior to a brain injury.
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