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1) Process or processes of storing newly acquired information for later recall;
2)recall for a specific experience, or the total collectionof remembered experiences stored in our brains. |
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| In memory, the process of perceiving information, then categorizing or organizing it in a meaningful way so that it can be more easily stored and recalled. |
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| Process by which encoded material is retained over time in memory. |
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| Process by which information stored in memory accessed. |
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| First system in the three- sysytem model of memory, in which brief impressions from any of the senses are stored fleetingly, disappearing within a few seconds if they are not transferred to short- term memory. |
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| Short- term memory ( STM) |
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| Immediate recollection of stimuli that have just been percieved ;unless it is transferred to long- term memory, information in this memory system is usually retained only momentarily. Also called working memory. |
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| The third memory system in the three system model of memory. Information transferred from short- term memory may be stored for periods of time from minutes to years. |
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| Visual sensory memory, including fleeting impressions of what we see. Also known as visual memory |
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| Auditory sensory memory; fleeting impressions of what we hear. Also known as auditory memory. |
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| Process of grouping items into longer meaningful units to make them easier to remember. |
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| Recall for how to perform skills such as bicycle riding or swimming. |
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| Recall specific facts, such as information read in a book. |
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| Autobiographical memories about one's own expreiences. |
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| General, nonpersonal knowledge about the meaning of facts and concepts. |
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| Dual- code model of memory |
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| Theory that memories may be stored either in sensory codes or in verbal codes. |
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| Also knowm as photographic memory, the vary rare ability to retain large amounts of visual material for great accuracy for several minutes. |
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| Memory system, such as clustering or acrostics, that organizes material in a meaningful way to make it easier to remember. |
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| Mnemonic device involving grouping items into categories. |
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| Sentences whose first letters serve as cues for recalling a specific information; a mnemonic device. |
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| Meaningful arrangement of letters that provides a cue for recalling information; a mnemonic device. |
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| System for remembering that involves repeatedly rehearsing information without attempting to find meaning in it. |
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| System for remembering that involves using mnemonic devices; it is more effective than maintenance rehearsal. |
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| In memory tests, a subjects ability to reproduce information that he or she was previously exposed to. Fill- in - the-blank and essay questions test recall. |
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| In memory tests, a subject's ability to recognize whether he or she has been previously exposed to information. Multiple - choice and true -false questions test recognition. |
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| Technique for testing memory that involves measuring how much more quickly a person can relearn material that was learned at some previous time. |
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| Technique for memorizing material that involves rehearsing information after it has already been learned. |
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| Memories that you can recall through concious effort. |
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| Memories that are unavailable to concious awareness, but contribute to explicit memories. |
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| A memory of an event that never occurred. |
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In reference to memory, conceptual frameworks that individuals use to make sense out of stored information.
In Piaget's thoery, the mental structures we form to assimilate and organize processed information. |
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| Phenomenon wherein recall of particular events, experiences or information is aided by the subject being in the same context or physiological state in which the information was first encoded. |
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| An apparent vivid recall for an event associated with extreme emotion or uniqueness, such as the assassination of a president or the bombing if Iraq. |
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| In memory, the phenomenon that occurs when a later event interferes with the recall of earlier information. |
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| In memory, the phenomenon that occurs when earlier learning disrupts memory for later learning. |
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| Tendacy to remember items at the beginning and end of list more readily than those in the middle. |
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| Memory deficits cused by altered physiology of the brain, which might result from an accident or certain physical illnesses. |
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| Memory loss for certain details or events that occurred prior to experiencing brain trauma; a form of organic amnesia. |
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| Memory loss for information processed after an individual experiences brain trauma caused by injury or chronic alcoholism. |
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| Groups of neurons whose activities have been altered by learning. |
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| Long- term potentiation (LTP) |
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| An increase in a neuron's sensitivity to fire following a burst of signals to that neurons dendrites. |
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| A neural representation of something learned. |
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| Process by which information is transferred from short- term electrical activation of neuronal circuits to a longer- term memory coded by physical cell changes in the brain. |
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