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| the scientific study of heredity |
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| process during sexual reproduction when the male and female reproductive cells join |
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| if allowed to self-polinate they would produce off-spring identical to themselves |
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| a specific characteristic that varies form one individual to another; e.g. seed color or plant height |
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| the offspring crosses between parents with different traits |
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| chemical factors that determine traits |
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| the different forms of a gene |
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| the separation of alleles |
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| the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
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| a diagram that helps determine gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
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organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait (e.g TT)
- true breeding |
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organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait
- hybrid |
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| independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
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| when on allele is not completely dominant over another |
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| situation in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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genes having more than two alleles
- does not mean that an individual may have more than two alleles, it only means that more than two possible alleles exist in a population |
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traits controlled by more than two genes
- often show a wide range of phenotypes (e.g. wide range of skin color in humans) |
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| refers to chromosomes that have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent |
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| a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
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| contain a single set of chromosomes and a single set of genes |
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| the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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| in prophase of meiosis each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
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| when homologous chromosome pair up and form tetrads exchanging their chromatids |
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| shows the relative location of each know gene in chromosomes ???? |
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