Term
|
Definition
| Carbs are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or compounds that can be oxidized to these. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An aldose is a monosaccharide with an aldehyde group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ketose is a monosaccharide with a ketone group. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important monosaccharide, and what polysaccharides are made up of this saccharide? |
|
Definition
| Glucose is the most important, and starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all polymers. |
|
|
Term
| Pyran and furan are organic compounds for which what sugar structures are named? How many atoms are named? How many atoms per ring? |
|
Definition
| Pyran is named after pyranose, a 6 carbon ring. Furan is named after furanose, a 5-carbon ring. |
|
|
Term
| What is mutarotation, and where does it take place? |
|
Definition
| Mutarotation is a configuration change via opening and closing of the ring. This occurs at the anomeric carbon of a sugar. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 conformations of a six membered ring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are sugar acids named? |
|
Definition
| Sugar acids are named after oxidation of the terminal aldehyde (-aldonic acid), oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl (-uronic acid), or oxidation of both the terminal aldehyde and the terminal hydroxyl (-aldaric acid). |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe two common modifications of sugars. |
|
Definition
| Sugars can be commonly modified by replacing the hydroxyl group of the sugar with an amine group. The two most common are glucosamine and galactosamine. Deoxy sugars exist where one hydroxyl group is replaced by a hydrogen. |
|
|
Term
| what is a glycoside and an aglycone? |
|
Definition
| A glycoside results from the rxn of an anomeric hydroxyl group of a sugar with another hydroxyl compound. An aglycone is the name of a compound that attaches to the anomeric carbon of the sugar. |
|
|
Term
| what is a glycoside and an aglycone? |
|
Definition
| A glycoside results from the rxn of an anomeric hydroxyl group of a sugar with another hydroxyl compound. An aglycone is the name of a compound that attaches to the anomeric carbon of the sugar. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the 3 polysaccharides have alpha linked sugars? Beta linked? What is the importance of the linkages? |
|
Definition
Alpha: Starch, Glycogen (2 types - Alpha C1 to C4 is linear, C1 to C6 is a branched tree)
Beta: Cellulose.. which humans can't digest. |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 important disaccharides and note which ones are alpha or beta linked. |
|
Definition
| Maltose and sucrose are the only alpha linked disaccharides. Lactose is the only beta linked disaccharide. |
|
|
Term
| Tell what glycosaminoglycans are, and name two important ones. |
|
Definition
| Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides with repeating disaccharides, where one is an amino sugar and the other is uronic acid. Two important glycosaminoglycans are hyaluronic acid and heparin. |
|
|
Term
| In the ABO blood group subtances, where is the difference in the structures of the oligosaccharides located? How many sugars are different? |
|
Definition
| The difference in structures of the blood group oligosaccharides are due to the presence or absence of NAG or galactose linked to the pentultimate galactose by a C1-C3 linkage. |
|
|
