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| is the study classification, and description of structures and organs of the body. |
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| explains the process and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate with one another. |
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| to face forwart; the front of the body. Ther chest is located anterior to the spine. |
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| Toward the back. The kidneys are posterior to the perioneum. |
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| toward the head. The brain is located in the cranial portion of the body. |
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| Toward the "tail"; the distal portion of the spine. A caudal anesthetic may be given to a patient. |
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| Toward the head or above. The neck is superior to the shoulders. |
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| Lower, toward the feet, or below another. The foot is inferior to the ankle. |
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| Toward the midline. The sternum (breast-bone) is located in the medical portion of the chest. |
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| Toward the side. The outer area of the leg, the area located on the side, is called lateral. |
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| Nearest the origin of the structure; nearest the trunk. The elbow is proximal to the forearm. |
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| Farthest from the origin of the structure; farthest from the trunk. The fingers are distal to the hand. |
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| Nearest the surface. The skin of the arm is superficial to the muscle below it. |
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| Farther away from the surface. The bone of the upper arm is deep to the muscle that surround and cover it. |
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| What are the bady planes? |
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Definition
- sagittal
- coronal
- transverse
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| plane runs lengthewise from the front to the back. A sagittal cut gives a right and left portion of the body. A midsagittal cut gives two equal haves. |
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| (frontal) plane divedes the body into a ventral (front) section and a dorsal (back) section. |
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| plane cuts the body horizontally to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions. |
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| What are the two major cavities? |
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Definition
- Dorsal body cavity
- Ventral body cavity
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| the ventral cavity consist of the thoracic or chest cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. |
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| What does the thoracic cavity contain? |
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| thr thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs. Its midporti is a subdivision of the thoracic cavity, called the MEDIASTINUM, which contains the trachea, heart, and blood vessels; its other subdivision are called the right and left PLEURAL CAVITY, which contains the lungs |
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| The dorsal cavity is composed of the cranial and spinal cavities. |
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| What does the cranial cavity contain? |
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| What does the spinal cavity contain? |
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| It contains the Spinal cord whereas the dorsal cavity is smaller than the ventral cavity. |
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| What are the 9 Abdominal Regions? |
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Definition
- Right hypochondriac region
- Epigastric region
- Left hypochondriac region
- Right lumbar region
- Umbilical region
- Left lumbar region
- Right iliac (inguinal) region
- Hypogastric region
- Left iliac (inguinal) region
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| What does the right hypochondriac region contain? |
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Definition
| the right lobe of the liver and the gallbladder are visible. |
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| What doed the Epigastric Region contain? |
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Definition
| parts of the right and left lobes of the liver and a large portion of the stomach can be seen. |
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| What does the Left Hypochondriac region contain? |
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Definition
| A small portion of the stomach and large intestines is visible. |
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| What does the Right Lumbar Region contain? |
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Definition
| parts of the large and small intestines |
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| The superficial organs in the Umbilical region includes? |
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Definition
| a portion of the transverse colon and loops of the small intestines. |
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| Additional loops of the small intestines and a part of the colon can be seen in the? |
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Definition
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| The Right Iliac Rigion Contains? |
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Definition
| The cecum and parts of the small intestines. |
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| Only loops of the small intestines, the urinary bladder, and the appendix are seen in the? |
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| The Left Iliac Region shows? |
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Definition
| portions of the colon and the small intestine. |
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| What are the Abdominopelvic Quadrants? |
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Definition
- Right Upper Quadrant
- Left Upper Quadrant
- Right Lower Quadrant
- Left Lower Quadrant
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| Atoms and Molecules are often referred to as the? |
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| Chemical leves of organization |
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| Are small particles that form the building blocks of matter, the smallest complete units of whichall matter is made. |
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| How is the Molecules form? |
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Definition
| when on the basis of electrons structures, two or more atoms unite. a molecule is form. molecule is made of two or more different atoms oxygen and hydrogen. |
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| The structural levels of organizations in the body are? |
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| Cells, tissue, organs, and systems. |
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| are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body. Also known as the fundamental of all living tissue. |
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| Is an organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function |
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| Is a group of several different kinds of tissue arranged so that they can together perform a special function. |
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| Is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that the can together perform complex functions for the body |
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| Organs of the Respiratory system includes? |
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Definition
| the nose, the windpipe or trachea, and the complex series of bronchial tubes that permit passage of air into the lungs. |
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| What are the five unique characteristics of life? |
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Definition
- growth
- metabolism
- responsiveness
- reproduction
- homeostasis
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| a relative constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival |
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| A substance that exists only in cells |
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| What are the major Cell Structures? |
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- Plasma membrane
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Centrioles
- Cilia
- Flagella
- Nucleus
- Nucleoli
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| What is the function of the Plasma Membrane? |
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Definition
| serves as the boundary of the cell; protein and carbohydrate molecules on outer surface of plasma membrane perfome various functions (they surve as markers that identify cells of each individual or as receptor molecules for certain hormones) |
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| What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum? |
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Definition
| Ribosomes attach to rough ER to synthesize protens; smooth ER synthesizes lipids and certain carbohydrates |
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| What is the function of Ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Synthesize proteins; they are a cell's protein factories |
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| What is the function of Mitochondria? |
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Definition
| synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP); they are a cell's "powerhouses" |
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| What is the function of the Lysosomes? |
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| Serves as cell's "digestive system" |
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| What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? |
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Definition
| Synthesizes carbohydrates, combines it with protein, and pachages the product as globules of glycoprotein |
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| What is the function of the Centrioles? |
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| Function in cell reproduction |
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| What is the function of the Cilia? |
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Definition
| short, hairlike extensions on the free surfaces of some cells capable of movement |
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| What is the function of the Flagella? |
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| single projections of cell surfaces; much larger than cilia; an example in humas is the "tail" of a sperm cell |
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| What is the function of the Nucleus? |
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Definition
| dictates protein synthesis, thereby playing an essential role in other cell activities, namely, active transport, metabolism, growth, and heredity |
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| What is the function of the Nucleoli? |
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Definition
| play an essential role in the formation of robosomes. |
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| what is a plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| is the membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer bundary of the cell |
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| the internal living material of cells |
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| the largest organelle within the cell |
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| What is a Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| throughou the cytoplasm lies a system of membranes, or canals |
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| are tiny structures floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER. |
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| The powerhouses of the cells |
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| small saclike structures containing enzymes that digest food compounds and microbes that have invaded the cell. |
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| is usually located near the nucleus. It is the "packaging plant" of the cell. |
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| the centrioles are paired, rod-shaped organelles. |
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| What are the two important nucleic acids? |
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- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is located in the nucleus
- ribonucleic acid (RNA) which is locted in the cytoplasm.
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| type os somatic (pertaining to nonreproductive cells) cell division in which each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
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| During mitosis the cell goes through what four prophases? |
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Definition
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
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Term
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Definition
| in the nucleus the chromosomes form two strands called chromatids. In the cytoplasm the centrioles form a network of spindle fibers. |
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Definition
| the nucleus membrane and nucleolus disappear, and the chromosomes are aligned across the center of the cell. The centrioles are at the opposite ends of the cell, and spindle fibers are attached to each chromatid. |
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Definition
| The chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell and cell division begins. |
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| What is Active Transport? |
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Definition
| the movement of materials across the membrane of a cell by means of chemical activity that allows the cell to admit larger molecules than would atherwise be able to enter |
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| Other active transport process included the following: |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis Sodium Potassium Pump Calcium pump |
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| Whats the description for Phagocytosis? |
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Definition
movement of cells or other large particles into cell by trapping it in a section of plasma membrane that pinches off to form an intracellular vesicle; type of endocytosis.
Example:
trapping of bacterial cells by phagocytic white blood cells |
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| Whats the description of Pinocytosis? |
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Definition
movement of fluid and dissolved molecules into a cell by traping them in a section of plasma membrane that pinches off to form an intracellular vesicle; type of endocytosis
Example:
Trapping of large protein molecules by some body cell |
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| Whats the description for Calcium Pump? |
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Definition
Movement of solute particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (up the concentration gradient) by means of a carrier molecule
Example:
In muscle cells, pumping of nearly all calcium ions to special compartments or out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| is intense and of short duration, usually lasting less than 6 months. |
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| potent polypeptides composed of many amino acids found in the pituitary gland and other areas of the CNS |
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| suggests that pain impulses can be regulated or even blocked by gating mechanisms located along the CNS |
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