Term
| What are the 3 properties of an ideal drug? |
|
Definition
Effectiveness,
Safety,
Selectivity |
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Term
| Physiological processes that affect how a patient will respond to a given drug. |
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Definition
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Term
| Physiological processes that affect how much of a given dose will reach the site of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and describe the 4 stages of clinical trials. |
|
Definition
Preclinical: Animal,
Phase 1: Normal, health volunteers; eval. drug metabolism and safety in humans,
Phase 2/3: 500-5,000 patients,
Phase 4: Post marketing surveilance |
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Term
| What are the 4 basic pharmacokinetic processes? |
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Definition
| Absorption, distribution, metabolism, exretion (ADME) |
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Term
| What are the 3 ways drugs pass through membranes? |
|
Definition
1. Passage through channels or pores
2. Passage via transport system (passive or active)
3. Direct penetration of membranes |
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Term
| Name 5 factors that affect absorption. |
|
Definition
1. Rate of dissolution
2. Surface area
3. Blood flow
4. Lipid solubility
5. pH partioning |
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Term
| What is the preferred method of administration of drugs that require a large volume of fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take blood to travel through the entire system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood injected into the arm takes how long to reach the brain? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the preferred method of administration of drugs? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of oral medications? |
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Definition
| Tablet, Enteric coated (dissolve in intestine not stomach), Sustained release (release throughout day) |
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Term
| What is the primary protein involved in protein binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most metabolism of drug take place? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Most of the hepatic metabolism is performed by what system? |
|
Definition
| The Cytochrome P450 System |
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Term
| How many half-lives does it take to reach a "plateau" (steady state)? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False. Potency = Efficacy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term that describes the strength of the attraction between the drug and the receptor? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term that describes the ability of a drug to activate the receptor after binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that have affinity but no intrinsic activity. |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Dose required to see an effect in 50% of the population |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lethal dose in 50% of the animals tested |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Name the 5 CYP450 enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. |
|
Definition
| CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 |
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|
Term
| What type of juice can inhibit metabolism of certain drugs by inducing CYP3A4? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the before and after time period you are allowed to take a drug when it says "Take on empty stomach"? |
|
Definition
| 1 hour before/ 2 hours after |
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Term
| Name the herb that causes the largest herb/drug interactions. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Name 3 drugs that are known for causing allergic rxns. |
|
Definition
Sulfonamides
Aspirin
Penicillins |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 symptoms you should look for when monitoring liver toxicity? |
|
Definition
1. Jaundice
2. Dark urine
3. light-colored stools |
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|
Term
| True or False. In the elderly drug accumulation may be secondary to decreased renal excretion. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| True or False. Creatine Clearance should be used as an index of renal function NOT serum creatine. |
|
Definition
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