Term
|
Definition
| The science of behavior and mental processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes. |
|
|
Term
| Developmental psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A field in which psychologists study human factors in the use of equipment and help designers create better versions of that equipment. |
|
|
Term
| Personality psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study the characteristics that make individuals similar to, or different from, one another. |
|
|
Term
| Clinical and Counseling psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who seek to assess, understand, and change abnormal behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by changing social systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness, and vice versa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study how people influence one another's behavior and attitudes, individually and in groups. |
|
|
Term
| Industrial/organizational psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them. |
|
|
Term
| Educational psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn, and who apply their results to improving such methods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who test IQs, diagnose student's academic problems, and set up programs to improve student's achievement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who explore the relationships between athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists who create criminal profiles, assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants' mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law. |
|
|
Term
| Environmental psychologists |
|
Definition
| Psychologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mental processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by Edward Titchener, and Wilhelm Wundt, its goals are to study conscious experience and its structure through experiments and introspection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by Max Wertheimer, its goal is to describe organization of mental process: "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts." through the observation of sensory/perceptual phenomena. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by Sigmund Freud, its goal is to explain personality and behavior; to develop techniques for treating mental illness through the study of individual cases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by William James, its goal is to study how the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to the environment, through the use of naturalistic observation of animal and human behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner, its goal is to study only observable behavior and explain behavior via learning principles through observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology in which behavior and behavior disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology emphasizing that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A way of looking at human behavior that emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology that views behavior as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perceptions of the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, occupational choices, and the like for a group of people who share a common language and environment. |
|
|
