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| the institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society |
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| goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone must share |
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- the process by whiuch we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue
- produces authoritative decisions about public issues
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- all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue
- examples include voting (the most common), protest, and civil obedience, among others
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| groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics |
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- the process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time
- people's interests, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers
- issues shape policy and policy impacts people, which generates more interest, problems, and concerns
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- the political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agend
- includes elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media
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| the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time |
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| an issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it |
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| policymaking institutions |
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- the branches of government charged with taking action on political issues
- Congress, the presidency, and the courts
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- a choice that government makes in response to a political issue
- course of action taken with regard to some problem
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- the effects a policy has on people and problems
- analyzed to see how well a policy has met its goal and at what cost
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| a system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences |
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- a fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory
- choosing among alternatives requires that the majority's desire be respected
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- a principle of traditional democratic theory
- gurantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument
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| a basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers |
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| a theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies |
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| a theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided among class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization |
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- a theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened
- extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism
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| a condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy |
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| an overall set of values widely shared within a society |
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| the sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation |
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