Term
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Definition
| study of biological functions of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cell --> tissue --> organ --> system |
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Term
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Definition
-1813-1878
-French man that discovered the milieu intérieur (inside wall of your body) |
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Term
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Definition
| the inside wall of your body |
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Term
| discovered the milieu intérieur (inside wall of your body) |
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Definition
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Term
| one of the core concepts of physiology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-1871-1945)
-developed the term homeostasis and studied some mechanisms of it |
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Term
| developed the term homeostasis and studied some mechanisms of it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Maintaining constancy of internal environment |
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Term
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Definition
| set point within a certain normal range |
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Term
| some physiologic variables where there's a desired range |
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Definition
-blood pressure
-blood glucose |
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Term
| what happens when the physiological parameters increase or decrease too much? |
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Definition
| a loop is activated to reach homeostasis |
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Term
| how a loop to reach homeostasis is activated |
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Definition
-Sensor detects deviation from set point
-Integrating center, often CNS, determines the response
-Effector, often muscles or glands, produces the response; this is the target tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| detects physiological deviation from set point |
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Term
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Definition
| often the CNS, this determines the response to the physiological deviation from set point |
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Term
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Definition
| often muscles or glands, this is the target tissue that produces the response to the physiological deviation from set point |
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Term
| How does the integrating center communicate with the effector tissues? |
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Definition
| it usually boils down to signaling patways, which can be through the nervous system or through hormones, sometimes with crossover between the two types of pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces change in opposite direction to reverse the deviation so that homeostasis can be reached |
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Term
| an example of a negative feedback pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| Homeostasis is achieved by... |
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Definition
| negative feedback inhibition |
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Term
| Examples of physiological parameters that are regulated by negative feedback |
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Definition
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Term
| the cells that make insulin |
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Definition
| the beta cells in the pancreas |
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Term
| what's more common? positive or negative feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
| when positive feedback is necessary |
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Definition
| when something needs to be done urgently |
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Term
| Examples of processes that use positive feedback |
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Definition
-cervical dilation and oxytocin
-clotting cascade |
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Term
| example of a positive feedback pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| the 4 main types of tissue in the body |
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Definition
-Muscle
-Nervous
-Epithelial
-Connective |
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Term
| the 3 types of muscle tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| the 2 types of nervous tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons are composed of... |
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Definition
-dendrites
-cell body
-axons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells that form membranes and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow portion of an organ |
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Term
| spme organs that have a lumen |
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Definition
-respiratory tract
-digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| provide barrier between external and internal environments |
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Term
| ______ forms the functional parenchyma of organs |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelial tissue forms the ______ of organs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue
for example, in the liver, the functional parenchyma is what does the metabolizing |
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Term
| some types of connective tissue |
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Definition
-connective tissue proper
-bone
-cartilage
-blood |
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Term
| this is present between connective tissue cells |
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Definition
| Cells + Extracellular Matrix |
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Term
| Extracellular Matrix (EM) composed of... |
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Definition
| -protein fibers
-ground substance |
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Term
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Definition
| at least two primary tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| organs located in different regions of the body and perform related functions |
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Term
| molecules that usually need help crossing cell membranes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that contain both polar (hydrophilic) head group and non-polar (hydrophobic) tail group |
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Term
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Definition
| -RCOO-Na+
-Detergent action |
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Term
| some important amphipathic molecules |
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Definition
-Phospholipids
-Bile acids (salts) |
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Term
| some functions of phospholipids |
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Definition
-Cell membrane structure
-Transport of lipids in the blood
-Functions and mechanisms of the pulmonary surfactants
-Absorption of lipids into cells
-Entry of steroids into cells |
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Term
| function of bile acids (salts) |
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Definition
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Term
| some components of the cell membrane other than phospholipids |
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Definition
-lipids
-proteins
-carbohydrates |
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Term
| Membrane proteins serve as... |
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Definition
-pumps
-enzymes
-receptors
-energy transducers |
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