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| Latin- a skilled process. |
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| A place without aesthetic objects to react to. |
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| Puritanical reaction to art |
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| art is sinful and corrupts. |
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| art will make you a better person |
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| Cisterian monk who was anti-art. |
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| Nazi myth of superior creativity. |
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| Nazi myth of the inferiority of other cultures. Hitler hated modern art as a corruption of civilization. |
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| Rejected art student. History's greatest art collector. |
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| Terrorism against art as a tool for change. Uffizi bombing was an example of this (5/27/93 bombed so that city would stop persecuting mafia) |
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| First artist to sell a work for more than amillion dollars |
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| Owner of the 1st and 2nd most expensive paintings. Estimated net worth of $6 million. One of the founders of DreamWorks. |
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| A leader in Feminist art history. Writes article on "why have there been no great women arts?" |
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| Feminist artists ask for equal time |
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| art discrimination word meaning "made by white males." Politically correct view has corrupted the word meaning to imply that non-quality work is made by females and minorities. |
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| artist not working in New York |
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| e.g. nudity in the Bible. David is nude to show he's going with God. Objectors don't know their own religion. |
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| art that cannot fail, on the refrigerator door |
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| modern tendency to deposit objects in public |
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| art that is intended to offend |
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"rights" of artists and the art object. Every artists has the right to the integrity of the piece.
- Right to original. e.g. Jeff Koons makes sculpture based on Rogers photo.
- can't paint french fries |
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| art of bad taste, made cheaply. The people's art. |
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| artist of big-eyed. for the masses. |
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| the sculptor who carved Mount Rushmore. |
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| dubbed a "pop star" by the New York Times and a "phenomenon" by the Washington Post. One of the world's best known and best-loved art critics. Has an art series on PBS. Has popularized the study of arts for many. NOT a scholar, just reinterprets others' ideas into an accessible language. |
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| America's most collected living artist. An example of safe art (no nudity, no controversy) |
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| art that offends no one. Found in public places. Is popular, sells well, but doesn't appear in art museums. Not taken seriously by the art world. |
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| Illustrator turned artist when he stopped doing safe art to depict the nude Helga Testorf. Was used by President Nixon as part of "art diplomacy" to fight the Cold War with the Russians. |
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| Woman of mystery. Wyeth's model. |
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| not an artist. Had other do his drawings of Mickey and Donald. But used the arts to create the Disney empire. |
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| reflects the Disney philosophy of created a perfected world, free of problems and stress where your dreams come true. Safe art. Art as escapism. |
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| British artist who published "Secret Knowledge" in which he suggests the artists from the 15th c. used a pre-camera machine (the camera obscura) to trace the outline of their subjects in painting. Art world has rejected the idea. |
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| drawing machine using darkened rooms, lens, mirror, and light. |
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| 1000 year period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 410 and the revival of classical Greek and Roman culture embodied in the Renaissance. Petrarch, the Italian scholar, invented the concept of the Dark Ages, intended as a criticism of Late Latin literature. |
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| "Greek manner". Byzantine style. Stylized, flat figured. No portraits. Little naturalism. |
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| "German Manner." Gothic style. Northern. |
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| stresses that all things in nature are important. Theological basis for evolution of art. Permission to study nature, paint landscape, unimportant things. |
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| "Little brothers." Followers of St. Francis |
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| "The poor one" (St. Francis). Take vows of poverty, chastity, obedience. |
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| 1378, woolworkers were defeated in trying to stop salary cuts. Reflects rise in humanism, individuality. Reflects an attitude that all people are important. |
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| merged Christian and pagan |
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| "Beautiful Manner." Mankind as measure of all things. |
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| 1st art historian. "The Lives"/"Le Vite" of artists. 2 editions, 1550 & 1568. Divided art into 3 period: Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern (Ren). Called artists "Divine." |
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| "The Holy Virgin Mary" 1996. The most famous Madonna painting of our time. Use of dung on canvas. |
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| art that is intended to offend |
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| who did the work? Giotto or any of the 5 Giotteschi. |
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| followers of Giotto. all 5 has signature style. |
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| Arena Chapel, Padua. 1st masterpiece of Renaissance. |
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| Greedy banker whose sin was usury. Built Arena Chapel as atonement. |
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| Left side. reserved for the condemned of Hell. |
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| Eye of God. Almond shaped. Mandorla is the Italian word for almond. A variant of the halo which surrounds the whole body of the holy person. Symbolizes power as well as spirituality. Often appears around Christ. |
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| water-based painting on plaster. Permanent. Lasts thousands of years. Florentine speciality. Also used in Rome. Avoided in Venice because of humidity. |
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| Rough base plaster. First layer, attached to wall |
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| final layer of fine ground plaster. |
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| a quick sketch used to transfer original design to wall surface |
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| punch pinhole in cartoon. then hit the cartoon with a bag filled with charcoal dust until charcoal goes thru the holes and marks the pin holes on the plaster. |
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| red clay material. Named for place in Turkey. Used to make preliminary sketch on wall. |
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| Mary is majesty as Queen of Heaven |
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| illusion of air condition. The further away objects are, the hazier/less detailed they appear. |
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| continuation of Byzantine and Gothic styles. Represents the aristocratic and conservative tasted. |
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| Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry |
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| The Book of Hourse. A collection of the text for each liturgical hour of the day. The Limbourg Brothers created one, the best known late medieval illuminated manuscript. |
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| precious stone that has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for 6500 years. |
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| 1348. Plague. Kills up to 1/2 population of Europe. Stops the Renaissance. |
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Grant Wood
American Gothic |
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Cimabue
Madonna Enthroned
1280-1290
Gold background
stylized features
striated lines model draperty
stiff and formal
Maniera Greca |
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Nicola Pisano
Pulpit
Pisa Baptistry
1259-1260
Derived from Roman Sarcophagi |
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Nicola Pisano
Relief of the Nativity
1259-1260
Continuous narrative from Annunciation to Visitation to Nativity |
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Giotto
Madonna Enthroned
1310
Tempera on wood
bulkier figures, more definition to clothes, sense of movement. Realistic perspective. Byzantine gold background. Figures looking toward Madonna. Draperies shown with shading. |
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Chris Ofili
HOly Virgin Mary
1996
Elephant Dung |
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Giotto's Grotto
Arena Chapel in Padua
Bella Maniera
Atonement for Usury
"Sistine chapel of Early Ren" |
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Giotto
Nativity
1305
Arena Chapel
Midwife brings baby to Mary- humanism, easy to relate to
Simple, direct Realism
Unified light source
Clarity in telling story |
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Giotto
Crucifixion
Arena Chapel
1305
Blue sky
Unified light
naturalistic
Round figures
Cross separates good from evil |
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Giotto
Last Judgment
Arena Chapel
1305
Largest fresco in chapel
Sinistra- left side reserved for evil
Mandorla-variant of a halo around Christ
Donor Scrovegni offers his Church as atonement |
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Duccio
Maesta
Siena Cathedral
1308-1311
Mary's largest, central
Tempera on panel
Gold background
flat figures, not a lot of modeling, shadowing
3 tiers, Byzantine style of depth |
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Duccio
Maesta's back
1308-1311 |
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Duccio
Kiss of Judas
From Maesta
1308-1311
3 separate episodes (kiss, cut off ear, flight of apostles)
excited movements of char and expressiveness of face
landscape |
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Giotto
Kiss of Judas
Arena Chapel
1305
Blue sky
Night
Cant see all faces, more realistic depth
variation in stances, more dynamism
more focus on central event
foreshortening of judas' arm |
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Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Effects of Good Government in the City
1338-1339
Commissioned by the nine leaders of Siena
Prosperity, fashion
attempt at perspective, but off
detailed, dress textures
naturalistic
blue sky not gold
undifferentiated faces
unnatural stances
elongated forms |
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Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Effects of Good Government in the Country
1338-1339
Landscape
atmospheric perspective
allegorical figure of Security, hanging man
Image of Romulus and Remus, humanism/antiquity |
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Simone Martini
Annunciation
1333
Tempera on panel
Sienese School
International style
Gothic arches
flat figures
unnatural poses
no strong emotion in faces
detail, wings
symbols:
palm branch, foreshadows the passion
white lillies, Virgin's purity
see words from Gabriel go to Mary |
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Claus Sluter
Well of Moses
1395
Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon
Mass- body shown beneath drapery
Naturalistic- wrinkles
Idealistic- hair/beard stylized |
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Limbourg Brothers
January
from The Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
1413-1416 |
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| Duke of Milan who marched on Florence in 1402. Dies just before he arrived at Florence. |
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| King of Naples, attacks Florence in 1414 and dies. |
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| Son of Gian Galeazzo. Duke of Milan, returns to Florence in 1420s, then flees. |
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| Lion symbol of the Florentine Republic. |
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| allegory of the arts grieve over loss of patron. e.g. Tomb of Leonardo Bruni has Muses mourning his death. |
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| latin term for literary studies. |
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| The place to be buried. The church of the HOly Cross in Florence. "westminster Abbey of Italy" |
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| restored Illaria and sued James Beck for slander |
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| Renaissance art history professor at Columbia University. Critic of Caponi's restoration. |
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| a tomb marker, doesn't have a body. |
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| coloration of sculpture by chemical change, aging, or dirt. Caponi removed this, destroying Jacopo della Quercia's intended effect. Loss of detail,definition. |
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| "in the antique fashion." e.g. the statue depicting a boy pulling a thorn from his foot, a large-scale bronze, survived from antiquiet. AKA spinario or "thorn puller." Included in Brunelleschi's bronze door square. Effect of classicism on the Renaissance. |
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| Gothic architect of Duomo. Began work in 1296, died 1310. |
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| Michelangelo's criticism of decorative arcade balcony that was put up on one side of the drum of the Duomo in Florence. Because of his criticism, the other 7 sides were left unadorned. |
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| part of the Hospital of Santo Spirito, Rome. An anonymous baby drop. |
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| ceramic sculptor, inventor of new blue and white glazes. Sculptor of inexpensive substitute for marble (art for the people.) |
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| Flemish Netherlands. Today Belgium. Norther Provinces will eventually convert to Protestantism, while the South remains Catholic. |
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| another name for Robert Campin. |
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| Hubert van Eyck signed the back of the Ghent Altarpiece. We can't tell if it said "[pictor" (painter) or "fictor" (sculptor). This changes if he painted the altarpiece or just created the frame. |
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| Image breakers. "thou shall not make graven images." were concerned that people would worship images instead of God. |
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| dating by study of tree rings |
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| Italian banker for the Medici Bank in Bruges. Made loans to Charles the Bold which were never repaid. He was fired, died as a pauper. |
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| Famous art historian in his 1953 Early Netherlandish Painting says of Memling " occasionally enchants, never offends, never overwhelms" |
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| altarpiece with more than 2 hinges |
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| altarpiece with 2 hinges (3 panels) |
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| altarpiece with 1 hinge (2 panels) |
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| pigment with egg white base |
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Bernardo Rossellino
Tomb of Leonardo Bruni
Santa Croce
Florence
1444 |
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Definition
Jacopo della Quercia
Ilaria del Carretto
Lucca
1406-1408 |
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Filippo Brunelleschi
The Sacrifice of Isaac
1401-1402
Competition panel for the east doors
Loses |
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Lorenzo Ghiberti
The Sacrifice of Isaac
1401-1402
competition panel for the east doors
winner
weighs less, less expensive |
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Spinario or "thorn puller"
All'antica -- influence of classics
shows up in bottom left of Brunelleschi's panel
Visual quotation |
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Dome of Florence Cathedral (The Duomo)
Filippo Brunelleschi
1420-1436 |
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Hospital of the Innocents
Filippo Brunelleschi
1419
1st Founding hospital-- humanism |
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Santo Spirito
Filippo Brunelleschi
1434 |
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Robert Campin (Master of Flemalle)
Merode Altarpiece
1425-143?
tempera and oil on panel
symbolism
triptych |
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Definition
Ghent Altarpiece (Open)
Jan van Eyck
1432
oil on panel |
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Ghent Altarpiece (Closed)
Jan van Eyck
1432 |
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Definition
Man in a Red Turban
Jan van Eyck
1433
Possible self-portrait |
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Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck
1434
oil on wood, symbolism, mirror |
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Descent from the Cross
Rogier van der Weyden
1435-1438
unusual cross shape |
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Saint Luke Painting the Virgin
Rogier van der Weyden
1435-1440 |
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Maria Baroncelli Portinari
Hans Memling
1470 |
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Tommaso Portinari
Hans Memling
1470 |
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