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intro
CVM
16
Medical
Graduate
03/04/2010

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Cards

Term
who is considered the father of cardiology, and what was his major discovery?
Definition
william harvey, who figured out that blood moves around in a circle, by realizing that w/normal heart rate the body would need a lot more blood to be non-circulatory
Term
which organ systems are directly involved in the exchange between the blood compartment and the outside environment?
Definition
lungs, GI tract, kidneys, and skin
Term
what are the 2 subsystems of the cardiovascular system?
Definition
pulmonary and systemic
Term
what ventricle does the pulmomary system use?
Definition
the right ventricle
Term
what kind of oxygen does the pulmonary sytem carry in its veins, arteries?
Definition
veins: oxygenated blood, arteries: deoxygenated
Term
why are the walls of the RV thinner?
Definition
it is a low pressure system, (high BP through the lungs could cause edema/pleural effusion). this is a benefit of having a four chambered heart
Term
why is the systemic CV subsystem superior to the pulmonary subsytem?
Definition
it services the entire body, has a higher blood volumed (.5 L pulm to 5.5 L sys), much higher pressure/resistance, and has local/neural/humoral control (pulm is just locally regulated)
Term
what is the progression of blood flow through the body?
Definition
SVC/IVC -> RA -> RV -> lungs -> LA -> LV -> aorta -> body
Term
how are heart chambers arranged? organs receiving blood? are there any exceptions to this?
Definition
in series (each side heart's output matches the other). organs receive blood in a parallel arrangement, which allows systemic blood to flow to different organs independently. the liver is the only exception to this, it receives blood directly
Term
what are the atria for the most part?
Definition
storage sacs/vessels (no valves, they are just constantly filled w/blood)
Term
what is cardiac output, how is it measured?
Definition
**cardiac output: CO = SV x HR. SV, stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle in a single beat. CV is an amount of blood ejected by the heart/unit time (usually L/min)
Term
is the pressure in the aorta constant?
Definition
no, it rises when the heart beats (systolic), and drops when the heart is between beats (diastolic)
Term
how does stroke volume affect pulse pressure? vessel diameter?
Definition
with a higher SV, you have a greater PP. decreased vessel diameter will lower the PP (number of vessels increases and surface cross-sectional area increases)
Term
which blood vessels have the highest cross sectional area? how does this affect blood velocity?
Definition
capillaries (collectively), which have low velocity
Term
what does "velocity" vs blood flow refer to?
Definition
velocity refers to the rate at which an individual RBC moves, blood flow refers to multiple blood vessels
Term
where is most of the blood at any one time?
Definition
in the veins (less smooth muscle
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