Term
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Definition
NOT serpentine, NOT G-proteins
have enzymatic activity, i.e. guanyl cyclases which binds ANP and is membrane bound or the cytosolic one which binds NO |
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Term
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Definition
(only gas currently known to work as a signalling molecule)
cannot accumulate bc breaks down easy
comes from arginine. one inducible NO synthase (NOSi) is activated by Ca2+
can act of cell in which it was produced to diffuse out of cell. therefore, an intracellular second messenger or a paracrine first messenger |
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Term
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Definition
the product of NO activation of guanyl cyclase
cGMP causes vasodialation (important for the action of viagra, i believe) |
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Term
| production of NO by nitroglycerine |
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Definition
nitroglyc can break down to form NO
NO can relax arterioles from here, and this causes relief from angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
| those that work with tyrosine only, or those working with serine and threonine only |
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Term
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Definition
| tyrosine kinase, specifically, can bind a growth factor, this causes a signalling cascade in which the tails of the kinase phos each other (dimerize) @ specific residues (are now stimulated). all those PO4 can then serve as the sites for many other signaling proteins to bind. Tyr kinases kick of the signaling of many downstream pathways |
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Term
| a few important cascades kicked off by tyr kinases? |
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Definition
Ras: this pathway works as to activate transcription factors. the final proteins of ras cascades that are activated are proto-oncogenes and transcription factors. ras needs an ADAPTOR protein and ACTIVATING protein to be activated
Src: basically same as Ras. Also very prevalent in cancer
monomeric g proteins: ras is a member of these. have the same GTP hydrolyzing abilities, but are structurally different
- ras promotes growth, rab and rho/rac promote other fxns |
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Term
| more of Ras, how does a typical cascade work? |
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Definition
| Ras activates MAP (mitogen activated protein ) kinase-kinase-kinase, which activates MAP-kinase-kinase, which activates MAP kinase, which activates an number of growth/transcription factors |
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Term
| how do intracellular/nuclear receptors work? |
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Definition
they can be in the cytosol or the nucleus. if they are in the cytosol, then they will have to be transported to the nucleus after they bind their receptor.
these are both TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
receptors include things like, hormones, vitamins, retinoids, T3, T4 |
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Term
which one of these can bind a heat-shock protein?
steroid,
T3,
T4,
Vetinoid
Vitamin D |
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Definition
| steroids - also has the unique abilty to bind different types of gene styles (ie. early regulatory genes and structural genes) |
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