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Intro to Radiology
Study cards for Final
162
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
07/31/2012

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Cards

Term
The lab tests used to evaluate renal function prior to the use of iodine contrast are the BUN &:
Definition
Creatinine
Term
What is a diuretic?
Definition
A drug that increased urination production
Term
What is the purpose of using contrast media in gastrointestinal studies?
Definition
To enhance visualization of the inner contours of the alimentary canal
Term
When scheduling a series of diagnostic tests, when should barium studies be scheduled?
Definition
Last
Term
Which patients take priority when scheduling studies that require fasting?
Definition
Pediatrics/Geriatrics, Emergency patients, Diabetics
Term
What is a cathartic?
Definition
A laxative
Term
What is a patient usually instructed to take after a GI study?
Definition
A laxative
Term
When perforation of the alimentary canal is suspected, what contrast is used?
Definition
Water-soluble iodine compound
Term
What contrast is the most commonly used for studies of the GI tract?
Definition
Barium Sulfate
Term
What media are usually used for double-contrast studies of the colon?
Definition
Air and Barium Sulfate
Term
When preparing a barium enema for a patient with Hirschsprung's Disease, the barium is mixed with what?
Definition
Normal Saline
Term
What preparation does an upper GI exam require?
Definition
Fasting
Term
As a result of its hygroscopic nature, the oral or rectal administration of barium sulfate poses a risk of what?
Definition
Barium impaction
Term
What does barium peritonitis result from?
Definition
Perforation of the colon during barium enema
Term
What anticholinergic drug is sometimes administered to relax the stomach and duodenum during a double-contrast upper GI study?
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Bowel obstruction is a serious condition that may result from what?
Definition
Barium Impaction
Term
What is a hemorrhoid?
Definition
Enlarged rectal vein
Term
What conditions weaken and inflame the colon?
Definition
Ulcerative Colitis and Diverticulitis
Term
A cystogram is the study of what?
Definition
Urinary Bladder
Term
Contrast media utilized for exams of the urinary tract and the vascular system are various forms of what>
Definition
Water-soluble iodine compounds
Term
What is the most reliable predictor of risk of allergic response to contrast media?
Definition
Allergy History
Term
What tests should be done before injection for an excretory urogram?
Definition
BUN and creatinine levels, patient age, allergy history, and baseline blood pressure
Term
On the day preceding an oral cholecystogram, what should a patient's diet contain?
Definition
Some fat
Term
Where do the crossbars of a T-tube rest?
Definition
Hepatic duct and common bile duct
Term
What position is a patient in for approx. 8 hours following a myelogram?
Definition
Supine with head elevated
Term
What does ERCP stand for?
Definition
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogrpahy
Term
What does an iodinated contrast agent do?
Definition
Dissociates into charged particles in solution
Term
What is viscosity?
Definition
Resistance of fluid to flow
Term
What is a bolus?
Definition
a substantial intravenous dose delivered rapidly
Term
Besides air, what gas is commonly used as a contrast agent?
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Term
What examination primarily uses ethiodized oil?
Definition
Lymphography
Term
What is osmolality
Definition
Number of particles in the solution per kilogram
Term
What is the toxicity of a contrast medium on body tissues and organs is related to:
Definition
chemical formation of its molecules
iodine concentration and osmolality
ionization characteristics
dose administered and injection rate
Term
What are the principle tests used to evaluate renal function prior to the use of iodine contrast media?
Definition
BUN and Creatinine
Term
What medication should diabetics abstain from taking prior to an exam using contrast medium?
Definition
Metformin Hydrochloride
Term
What films are taken within the first 3 minutes after injection for excretory urography that demonstrates a hazy opacification to the entire kidney structure?
Definition
Nephrograms
Term
How does a barium enema differ from a cleansing enema?
Definition
Height of enema bag
amount of liquid used
size of the catheter
Term
A black, tarry substance in the stool is an indication of what?
Definition
Bleeding from upper GI tract
Term
What does a T-tube do?
Definition
device that drains bile from the hepatic and common bile ducts to the outside of the body following a cholecystectomy
Term
When an upper GI series is delayed because the stomach does not empty due to pylorospam, it is often helpful to have patient lie in what position?
Definition
Right anterior oblique
Term
What exam is performed specifically for the detection of lesions in the duodenum distal to the duodenal bulb?
Definition
Hypotonic Duodenography
Term
Where is an intrathecal injection located?
Definition
Spinal Canal
Term
When is a colostomy more odorous and more irritating to the skin.
Definition
when it is located in the proximal portion of the colon
Term
In what procedure is a manometer commonly used?
Definition
Myelography
Term
What position should a patient be in during a cleansing enema?
Definition
Sims' Position
Term
What should be done if a patient "feels full" after the administration of 150ml of a cleansing enema solution?
Definition
Temporarily stop the flow and allow patient to change positions
Term
Who discovered x-rays?
Definition
Roentgen
Term
When can assault be charged?
Definition
When verbally threatened
Term
If you observe unethical/unprofessional conduct, who is the first person you should report your observations to?
Definition
Immediate supervisor
Term
When should signed consent forms be completed?
Definition
Before a procedure is completed
Term
What organization provides accreditation for health care institutions?
Definition
JCAHO
Term
What does ethics refer to?
Definition
Moral principles or values
Term
To maintain certification, what education do radiographers need?
Definition
24 hours of education every two years
Term
What is the ASRT?
Definition
a professional organization for radiographers and all radiologic technologists.
Term
In a hospital, who does "medical staff" refer to?
Definition
All physicians who are privileged to treat patients in the facility
Term
An x-ray machine that permits viewing of the x-ray image in motion in real time is called what?
Definition
Fluoroscope
Term
What is a tort?
Definition
A civil wrong
Term
What is a moral agent?
Definition
The person responsible for implementing an ethical decision
Term
What does "res ipsa loquitar" mean?
Definition
"The thing speaks for itself"
Term
Who completed the mapping and identification of the human genetic code in 2000?
Definition
Human Genome Project
Term
What law was enacted to protect the privacy rights of he patients?
Definition
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
Term
What is the correct way to address a patient?
Definition
Mrs. Smith
Term
Where is the collimator located?
Definition
Below the x-ray tube
Term
What years was "Generation X" between?
Definition
1965-1980
Term
What is the first phase in the grieving process?
Definition
Denial
Term
What are aphasic patients unable to do?
Definition
Speak
Term
In what position is the patient lying on their back with the head elevated?
Definition
Fowler's position
Term
What is the first thing you should do if there is a fire in your immediate area?
Definition
Evacuate the area
Term
What does the "base of support" refer to?
Definition
A perpendicular line through the center of gravity
Term
Who's responsibility is it to check the transportation equipment for safety?
Definition
The person transporting the patient
Term
What is the first thing you should do If you smell smoke and smoldering insulation in the area of an x-ray control panel?
Definition
Turn off the main power switch
Term
What is the first thing you should do when a spill occurs?
Definition
limit access to the area and assess the requirements for clean up
Term
When two people are assisting a patient to move from a stretcher into a bed, how should they position themselves?
Definition
One on each side of the bed
Term
How should patients suffering from orthopnea be positioned and why?
Definition
With their head elevated so they can breath
Term
What should you do if an irritating chemical splashes in your eye?
Definition
Flood the eye with running water from the most convenient source
Term
What is another word for recumbent?
Definition
Lying down
Term
What position is usually tolerable for a patient who had undergone hip replacement via the anterior surgical approach?
Definition
Flexion
Term
What is the most common cause of back strain?
Definition
bending and twisting while lifting
Term
What is the acronym PASS refer to?
Definition
The steps for using a fire extinguisher
Term
When is a log-rolling approach used to move a patient?
Definition
When lumbar Spine trauma is suspected
Term
How long does it take for irreparable brain damage to occur when their is a lack of circulation?
Definition
3-5 minutes
Term
What vital sign most accurately indicates the condition of shock?
Definition
Pulse Rate
Term
What is shock resulting from excessive blood loss/plasma called?
Definition
Hypovolemic Shock
Term
A patient who suddenly demonstrates nervous irritability, cold clammy skin, weakness, hunger, and blurred vision require administration of what?
Definition
Glucose
Term
How much oxygen should a patient who suffers from emphysema and respiratory distress receive?
Definition
low flow rate of oxygen (3L/min or less)
Term
How much oxygen should a patient who suffers from emphysema and respiratory distress receive?
Definition
low flow rate of oxygen (3L/min or less)
Term
Localized swelling in the throat or upper trachea may result in what?
Definition
Respiratory Arrest
Term
What is the safest posture for maintaining the airway of an unconscious patient who is vomiting?
Definition
Lateral Recumbent Position
Term
What should you not do if a patient is experiencing a seizure?
Definition
You should not restrain their movement as much as possible
Term
What is a fracture that results the crushing of a bone into many bone fragments called?
Definition
Comminuted Fracture
Term
When is a trauma patient removed from a backboard?
Definition
When spinal fracture has been ruled out
Term
What does AED stand for?
Definition
Automatic External Defibrillator
Term
Is hypertension a sign of shock?
Definition
No
Term
What is the name for the system developed to evaluate the changing status of coma patients?
Definition
Glasgow Coma Scale
Term
How long is the "golden" period for a patient who has suffered massive trauma?
Definition
Hour
Term
What emergency treatment is needed if a patient is unable to cope with emesis because of a low level of consciousness?
Definition
Suction
Term
A minimal amount of brain damage, characterized by "seeing stars" or very brief loss of consciousness is called what?
Definition
Concussion
Term
A defibrillator stimulates the heart to contract effectively by delivering what?
Definition
An electrical shock
Term
What is the purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter?
Definition
to monitor cardiac function
Term
What radiographs do infants with newborn atelectasis most likely require?
Definition
Chest x-rays
Term
What image modality is used to perform Lymphoscintigraphy?
Definition
Nuclear Medicine
Term
Where is the sterile corridor located?
Definition
Between the patient drape and the instrument table
Term
What type of tube is a Salem-Sump tube?
Definition
Nasogastric Tube (NG)
Term
It is important to have suction equipment immediately available for patients who have what?
Definition
Tracheostomy
Term
Where is the tip of a PICC catheter located?
Definition
Superior Vena Cava
Term
What device is surgically implanted to stimulate contraction of the heart muscle?
Definition
Pacemaker
Term
A central venous catheter that is used short-term and introduced through a vein in the antecubital fossa.
Definition
PICC
Term
Where should the tip of a Swan-Ganz catheter be located?
Definition
Right Atrium
Term
What clothes does a radiographer wear when entering an operating room?
Definition
Nonsterile pants, shirt, mask, cap and shoe covers
Term
A surgical opening made into the trachea with placement of a tube to establish a temporary or permanent airway is called what?
Definition
Tracheostomy
Term
what type of tube is a Dobbhoff Tube?
Definition
Feeding tube
Term
Who are the sterile members of a surgical team?
Definition
Surgeon and scrub person
Term
Who is responsible for cleaning the mobile x-ray unit that is kept in the surgical suite?
Definition
Radiographer
Term
What is the Seldinger technique?
Definition
method of placing a catheter for arteriography
Term
Port-a-cath is an example of what?
Definition
long-term implanted infusion port
Term
What type of imaging modality uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images?
Definition
sonography
Term
What imaging modality uses a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses to produce images in multiple planes
Definition
MRI
Term
DSA is a computerized imaging modality that produces images of what?
Definition
Circulatory System
Term
What medication is recommended for treatment of post-mammography pain?
Definition
Acetaminophen
Term
A gamma camera is part of the equipment used to perform what procedure?
Definition
Technetium bone scan
Term
What procedure can a patient with an implanted pacemaker not have?
Definition
MRI
Term
What should be done after the removal of an arterial catheter during an angiography?
Definition
Apply direct pressure on the artery for 5-10 minutes
Term
Narrowing/blockage of an artery due to the buildup of fatty plaque is called what?
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
Which imaging modality is most likely to cause claustrophobia?
Definition
MRI
Term
Which procedure has a risk of extravasation during contrast injection?
Definition
Angiography
Term
What is the name of the rare earth element used to create contrast media for use in MRI?
Definition
Gadolinium
Term
A scanner that includes a gantry with an x-ray tube that rotates around the patient is used to perform what?
Definition
Computed Tomography (CT)
Term
What does radiofrequency ablation include the use of?
Definition
Doppler sonography and interventional angiography (To treat veins)
Term
Which imaging modality uses radiofrequency coils as essential parts of the equipment?
Definition
MRI
Term
MRS and MRSI are also known as what?
Definition
fMRI (functional MRI)
Term
What imaging modality is most commonly used to localize needle placement for amniocentesis?
Definition
Sonography
Term
A transducer is a key component of the equipment used to perform which procedure?
Definition
Sonography
Term
A transducer is a key component of the equipment used to perform which procedure?
Definition
Sonography
Term
What is a nasogastric tube used for?
Definition
Aspiration of gas and fluid from the stomach, and feed the patient.
Term
What is a collimator?
Definition
Device used to indicate the location of the radiation field and to control its size
Term
Grids/buckys are generally used for body parts that measure greater than:
Definition
10-12 cm
Term
What substance is most readily penetrated by x-rays?
Definition
Air
Term
What is a fomite?
Definition
Contaminated object such as a contaminated urinary catheter that transports a pathogen
Term
What is sterilization?
Definition
treatment used to make an item germ-free
Term
What is isolation technique?
Definition
Practice of separating infectious patients from others and carefully controlling items that come into contact with these patiens
Term
Which methods of sterilization cause special indicators to change colors?
Definition
Autoclaving and Conventional Gas Sterilization
Term
After completion of an isolation procedure, what is the first step?
Definition
untie your waist belt/ties
Term
When opening a sterile pack, which way is the first corner opened?
Definition
Away from you
Term
What is the body's defense against infection?
Definition
Inflammatory Response and Immune System
Term
When transporting a patient under airborne precautions, what must the patient be wearing?
Definition
A mask
Term
What is sepsis?
Definition
A pathological state resulting from the presence of microorganisms
Term
Where are nosocomial infections contracted?
Definition
Within a hospital
Term
Which microorganisms occur as yeasts or molds and can infect the skin, nail beds, and scalp?
Definition
Fungi
Term
What does diaphoretic mean?
Definition
Sweaty
Term
What is a pulse oximeter?
Definition
instrument that measures heart rate and oxygen saturation of the blood
Term
what should you do before a patient voids during an examination?
Definition
Check chart to see if Qualitative or Quantitative specimens are needed
Term
What type of medication may cause respiratory depression?
Definition
Tranquilizers and Sedatives
Term
When is a medication most rapidly effective?
Definition
When administered intravenously
Term
What is the proper height for an IV bottle or bag?
Definition
18-20 inches above the vein
Term
An infusion is a slow delivery of medication by means of gravity flow into the:
Definition
Vein
Term
What are controlled substances?
Definition
drugs with a high abuse potential
Term
What is pharmacokinetics?
Definition
Study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body
Term
A drug that treats a toxic effect is called what?
Definition
Antidote
Term
What do Flumazenil and Naloxon prescribed to do?
Definition
Reverse the respiratory depression and sedation of other drugs.
Term
What is a symptom of vertigo?
Definition
Feeling as if the room is spinning
Term
What is epistaxis?
Definition
Nosebleed
Term
What is a CVA?
Definition
Interruption of the blood supply to the brain
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