Term
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Definition
| body position where the two sides are mirror images of each other. A imaginary line is drawn in the cneter |
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Term
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Definition
| foundtion on which the body rests or stands, wide stance for better balance |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the law of physics, specifically the law of mechanics and how the apply to living bodies in rest or motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| the way the parts of the body work together when you move |
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Term
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Definition
| aligned at S-2, where all mass is concentrated |
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Term
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Definition
muscles that are found in the 4 extremitites and designed for movement. Ex-biceps, hamstrings
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Term
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Definition
| Drop in BP when a person stands up quickly from a sitting or supine position |
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Term
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Definition
muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability
EX- abdomen and spine |
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Term
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Definition
| pt's that can not transfer independently but can bear wt on their legs |
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Term
| Orthostatic Hypotension Symptoms |
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Definition
| dizziness, fainting, blurred vision and slurred speech |
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Term
| How do you tx orthostatic hypotension? |
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Definition
Have the pt stand slowly
Slow down the speed of transfer
Have pt to slow deep breaths |
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Term
| Basic principles of proper lifting and transfer techniques |
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Definition
1. let pt do as much as they can
2. check the chart for precaution
3. wide bas of support
4. hold the pt's center of gravity close to your own
5. hold the pt with a transfer belt
6. Lift the pt with your legs, not back
7. Avoid trunk twisting
8. Never lift more then you can
9. Watch for signs of orthostatic hypotension |
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Term
| 4 types of wheelchair to bed transfer |
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Definition
Standby assist
Assisted standing pivot
2 person lift
Hydraulic lift |
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Term
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Definition
pt has the ability to transfer from wheelchair to a table on their own
Position at 45 degree angle
talk to pt before they move to see how much assitance is needed
provide assistance if needed |
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Term
| Assisted standing pivot transfer |
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Definition
Pt can not transfer independently
1. use transfer belt if possible
2. have pt sit on the edge of the wheelchair
3. as pt rises to a standing position be sure your back is straight
4. pivot together toward the table until pt can feel table against back of thighs
5. as the pt to hold onto the table and sit slowly |
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Term
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Definition
Non wt bearing
1. verbally plan out procedure
2. lock wheelchair
3. stronger person stands behind and lifts person torso
4. other person lifts legs at the same time
5. pt should cross arms and stronger person lock theres up and under patients
6. lift |
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Term
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Definition
Obese pt
1. follow directions on the lift |
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Term
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Definition
position cart alongside the x ray table
2. lock brakes
3. use sandbags to block the wheels
4. watch for IV's and catherter and pt's arm and legs protected.
5. ALWAYS GET HELP |
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Term
5 standard postions
Supine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Standard position
lateral |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| laying on side with leg bent at hip |
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Term
Standard position
Fowlers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Supine
Lateral
Sim's
Fowlers
Prone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Beam goes thru front and exits through back |
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Term
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Definition
| putting yourself in their place, recognizing persons feelings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| branch of medicine that tx's children |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relationship of harmony and accord btwn two or more people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Importance of quality communication with the patient |
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Definition
| Strive to uphold ALARA, if pt moves then may need to repeat xray, can decrease voluntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
| movement that is can not be controlled like shivering or a sneeze, can cause you to take another xray |
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Term
| Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposur by using proper immobilization techniques |
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Definition
| Simplest is positioning sponges |
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Term
Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposure by using proper immobilization techniques- infant or child
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Definition
| completely wrap a child in a sheet |
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Term
Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposur by using proper immobilization techniques- emergency
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Definition
| secured to a backboard to minimize spinal cord injury |
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Term
How to apply/use immobilzation devices
Sponges |
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Definition
| use for postioning pts. there are a variety of shapes and sizes. Most are radiolucent and allow for increased accuracy |
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Term
How to apply/use immobilzation devices
Velcro Straps |
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Definition
| effective restraining or positioning devices, used with hooks on exam table. |
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Term
How to apply/use immobilzation devices
Cervical Collar |
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Definition
-cross table lateral is normal x ray
used in neck or spine trauma traction
-designed to prevent further damage |
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Term
| Can a cervical collar be removed? |
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Definition
| No, not until cleared by Radiologist |
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Term
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Definition
Immobilzation device
radio opaque so they can not be xrayed through
placed gently to area of interest |
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Term
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Definition
-Immobilization device
used for various positions of the skull, not spine
-not really used for immobilization |
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Term
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Definition
AKA spine board
-immoblizes whole body
-used if lumar or thorasic spine is involved
-radiotranslucent
-to remove must be cleared by Radiologist |
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Term
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Definition
used for lower extremities
-exert steady force
-radiopaque
-Air and inflation splints |
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Term
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Definition
radiotranslucent
little discomfort or danger to pt |
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Term
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Definition
radiolucent
can cause discomfort or danger to pt |
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Term
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Definition
-immoblizations antishock garment
used for pt with trauma to abdomen, pelvis or lower extremities when internal hemorrhage is suspected
- radiotranslucent |
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Term
| Are inflatable trousers radiolucent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Importance of developing rapport with child |
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Definition
Will normally cooperate if good rapport
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Term
| How do you establish rapport with a child? |
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Definition
| Get down to their eye level |
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Term
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Definition
| Child immoblization device |
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Term
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Definition
| immoblization board with velcro straps for a child |
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Term
| Describe appropriate immobilization technique for geriatric |
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Definition
1.Use sponges and velcro
2. Keep them warm
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Term
| Geriatric pts are most afraid of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will decrease involuntary movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What branch of science applies the laws of physics, specifically the action of forces on bodies at rest? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ideal way to perform a transfer is to |
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Definition
| allow pt to do as much work as he or she can |
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Term
| Why does orthostatic hypotension occur in pts who have been in bed for long periods? |
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Definition
| decrease in vasomotor tone in blood vessels resulting in a decrease of oxygen to the brain |
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Term
| How do you do wheelchair transfers |
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Definition
| transfer toward strong side |
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Term
| Tranfer type that requires minimal assistance by the radiographer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to transfer a pt from a cart to a table? |
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Definition
Draw sheet
maxi slide
polyester sheet |
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Term
| Which cart transfer devices requires lifting rather than sliding patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cart transfer has the greatest potential for back strain to the radiographer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proper protocol for transferring a patient from a wheelchair to a table ( pt can stand but not walk) |
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Definition
| position wheelchair at 45 degree angle so the the patients stronger side is closer to the table |
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Term
| Why is it necessary to place sandbags by the wheels on a cart? |
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Definition
| to prevent a cart from moving |
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Term
| Orthostatic hypotension is a result of |
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Definition
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Term
| The tranfer for non wt bearing pt that is used would be? |
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Definition
| Assisted standing transfer |
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Term
| Stability muscles are found in extremities t/f |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
a transfer belt can be used for the safe and effective transfer of a patient |
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Definition
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Term
If a moving device isn't available a pt can be transferred to a table by using a draw sheet
t/f |
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Definition
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Term
| When using immobilzation techniques, which radiographic factor is being controlled? |
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Definition
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Term
| An effective way to reduce motion is to? |
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Definition
| communicate with the patient |
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Term
| What radiography procedures can utlilize postioning sponges except for |
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Definition
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Term
| Immoblization device used for a lateral chest on a nonambluatory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are velcro straps used for the axial projection of the calcaneus (heel)? |
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Definition
| assist pt in dorsiflexing the foot |
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Term
| A sandbag cannot be place directly over the injured site for which of the following reasons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proper protocol for transferring a pt from a wheelchair to a table that can stand but not walk |
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Definition
| postion the wheelchair to a 45 degree angle at the patients stronger side. |
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Term
| The center of gravity for a standing pt is |
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Definition
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Term
| The purpose of the cervical collar |
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Definition
| to immoblilze the entire vertebral column |
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Term
| The difference between an Air splint and a traction splint used on lower leg |
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Definition
| an air splint provides stability |
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Term
| Advantages of using a spine board |
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Definition
it can be used to lift the entire pt onto radiographic site
it is radiolucent |
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Term
| Is an advantage of using a spine board is to place tracton of the cervical spine to prevent further movement? |
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Definition
| No, there is no cervical spine, it is a cervical collar |
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Term
| head clamps help to immoblize the head and cervical spine? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Traction splints should be removed for radiographic procedures T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Spine boards or back boards are used only for patients with spine injuries T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Tape, Velcro, restraints and Plexiglas can all be useful immobilization devices T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following immobilization devices are useful for pediatric imaging?
Pigg o stat
Octastrop board
sheet restraint
All the above |
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Definition
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Term
| Proper immobilization can decrease repeat radiogrphs and increase radiation exposure T/F |
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Definition
| False, they will decrease radiation exposure |
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