Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to Radiologic Sciences Unit 4 & 5
Chapter 13
93
Medical
Undergraduate 3
07/10/2014

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alignment
Definition
body position where the two sides are mirror images of each other. A imaginary line is drawn in the cneter
Term
Base of support
Definition
foundtion on which the body rests or stands, wide stance for better balance
Term
Biomechanics
Definition
study of the law of physics, specifically the law of mechanics and how the apply to living bodies in rest or motion.
Term
Body mechanics
Definition
the way the parts of the body work together when you move
Term
center of gravity
Definition
aligned at S-2, where all mass is concentrated
Term
mobility muscles
Definition

muscles that are found in the 4 extremitites and designed for movement. Ex-biceps, hamstrings

 

Term
Orthostatic Hypotension
Definition
Drop in BP when a person stands up quickly from a sitting or supine position
Term
Stability muscles
Definition

muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability

EX- abdomen and spine

Term
Standing pivot transfer
Definition
pt's that can not transfer independently but can bear wt on their legs
Term
Orthostatic Hypotension Symptoms
Definition
dizziness, fainting, blurred vision and slurred speech
Term
How do you tx orthostatic hypotension?
Definition

Have the pt stand slowly

Slow down the speed of transfer

Have pt to slow deep breaths

Term
Basic principles of proper lifting and transfer techniques
Definition

1. let pt do as much as they can

2. check the chart for precaution

3. wide bas of support

4. hold the pt's center of gravity close to your own

5. hold the pt with a transfer belt

6. Lift the pt with your legs, not back

7. Avoid trunk twisting

8. Never lift more then you can

9. Watch for signs of orthostatic hypotension

Term
4 types of wheelchair to bed transfer
Definition

Standby assist

Assisted standing pivot

2 person lift

Hydraulic lift

Term
Standby assist
Definition

pt has the ability to transfer from wheelchair to a table on their own

Position at 45 degree angle

talk to pt before they move to see how much assitance is needed

provide assistance if needed

Term
Assisted standing pivot transfer
Definition

Pt can not transfer independently

1. use transfer belt if possible

2. have pt sit on the edge of the wheelchair

3. as pt rises to a standing position be sure your back is straight

4. pivot together toward the table until pt can feel table against back of thighs

5. as the pt to hold onto the table and sit slowly

Term
Two person lift
Definition

Non wt bearing

1. verbally plan out procedure

2. lock wheelchair

3. stronger person stands behind and lifts person torso

4. other person lifts legs at the same time

5. pt should cross arms and stronger person lock theres up and under patients

6. lift

Term
Hydraulic lift technique
Definition

Obese pt

1. follow directions on the lift

Term
Standard cart transfer
Definition

position cart alongside the x ray table

2. lock brakes

3. use sandbags to block the wheels

4. watch for IV's and catherter and pt's arm and legs protected.

5. ALWAYS GET HELP

Term

5 standard postions

Supine

Definition

 -laying on back

 

Term

Standard postion

Prone

Definition
- laying face down
Term

Standard position

lateral

Definition
laying on side
Term

Standard postion

Sim's

Definition
laying on side with leg bent at hip
Term

Standard position

Fowlers

Definition
head higher then feet
Term
5 Standard positions
Definition

Supine

Lateral

Sim's

Fowlers

Prone

Term
Ambulatory
Definition
ability to walk
Term
Anteroposterior
Definition
Beam goes thru front and exits through back
Term
Empathy
Definition
putting yourself in their place, recognizing persons feelings
Term
Flexion
Definition
act of bending
Term
Geriatric
Definition
tx of aged (65-older)
Term
Immobliization
Definition
inability to move
Term
Neonate
Definition
newborn baby
Term
Pediatric
Definition
branch of medicine that tx's children
Term
Plantar surface
Definition
sole of foot
Term
Rapport
Definition
relationship of harmony and accord btwn two or more people
Term
Restraint
Definition
inability to move
Term
Trauma
Definition
wound or injury
Term
Importance of quality communication with the patient
Definition
Strive to uphold ALARA, if pt moves then may need to repeat xray, can decrease voluntary movement
Term
Involuntary movement
Definition
movement that is can not be controlled like shivering or a sneeze, can cause you to take another xray
Term
Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposur by using proper immobilization techniques
Definition
Simplest is positioning sponges
Term

Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposure by using proper immobilization techniques- infant or child

Definition
completely wrap a child in a sheet
Term

Describe the reduction of pt radiation exposur by using proper immobilization techniques- emergency

Definition
secured to a backboard to minimize spinal cord injury
Term

How to apply/use immobilzation devices

Sponges

Definition
use for postioning pts. there are a variety of shapes and sizes. Most are radiolucent and allow for increased accuracy
Term

How to apply/use immobilzation devices

Velcro Straps

Definition
effective restraining or positioning devices, used with hooks on exam table.
Term

How to apply/use immobilzation devices

Cervical Collar

Definition

-cross table lateral is normal x ray

used in neck or spine trauma traction

-designed to prevent further damage

Term
Can a cervical collar be removed?
Definition
No, not until cleared by Radiologist
Term
Sandbags
Definition

Immobilzation device

radio opaque so they can not be xrayed through

placed gently to area of interest

Term
Head clamps
Definition

-Immobilization device

used for various positions of the skull, not spine

-not really used for immobilization

Term
Backboards
Definition

AKA spine board

-immoblizes whole body

-used if lumar or thorasic spine is involved

-radiotranslucent

-to remove must be cleared by Radiologist

Term
Traction splints
Definition

used for lower extremities

-exert steady force

 -radiopaque

-Air and inflation splints

Term
Air splint
Definition

radiotranslucent

little discomfort or danger to pt

Term
inflation splint
Definition

radiolucent

can cause discomfort or danger to pt

Term
Inflatable trousers
Definition

-immoblizations antishock garment

used for pt with trauma to abdomen, pelvis or lower extremities when internal hemorrhage is suspected

- radiotranslucent

Term
Are inflatable trousers radiolucent?
Definition
Yes
Term
Importance of developing rapport with child
Definition

Will normally cooperate if good rapport

 

Term
How do you establish rapport with a child?
Definition
Get down to their eye level
Term
Pigg-o-stat
Definition
Child immoblization device
Term

Octastrap Board

 

Definition
immoblization board with velcro straps for a child
Term
Describe appropriate immobilization technique for geriatric
Definition

1.Use sponges and velcro

2. Keep them warm

 

Term
Geriatric pts are most afraid of what?
Definition
Falling
Term
What will decrease involuntary movement?
Definition
Keeping a patient warm
Term
What branch of science applies the laws of physics, specifically the action of forces on bodies at rest?
Definition
biomechanics
Term
The ideal way to perform a transfer is to
Definition
allow pt to do as much work as he or she can
Term
Why does orthostatic hypotension occur in pts who have been in bed for long periods?
Definition
decrease in vasomotor tone in blood vessels resulting in a decrease of oxygen to the brain
Term
How do you do wheelchair transfers
Definition
transfer toward strong side
Term
Tranfer type that requires minimal assistance by the radiographer?
Definition
stand by assist
Term
What is used to transfer a pt from a cart to a table?
Definition

Draw sheet

maxi slide

polyester sheet

Term
Which cart transfer devices requires lifting rather than sliding patient?
Definition
a draw sheet
Term
What cart transfer has the greatest potential for back strain to the radiographer?
Definition
Draw sheet, overextend
Term
Proper protocol for transferring a patient from a wheelchair to a table ( pt can stand but not walk)
Definition
position wheelchair at 45 degree angle so the the patients stronger side is closer to the table
Term
Why is it necessary to place sandbags by the wheels on a cart?
Definition
to prevent a cart from moving
Term
Orthostatic hypotension is a result of
Definition
being in bed to long
Term
The tranfer for non wt bearing pt that is used would be?
Definition
Assisted standing transfer
Term
Stability muscles are found in extremities t/f
Definition
false
Term

T/F

a transfer belt can be used for the safe and effective transfer of a patient

Definition
true
Term

If a moving device isn't available a pt can be transferred to a table by using a draw sheet

t/f

Definition
true
Term
When using immobilzation techniques, which radiographic factor is being controlled?
Definition
Motion
Term
An effective way to reduce motion is to?
Definition
communicate with the patient
Term
What radiography procedures can utlilize postioning sponges except for
Definition
PA chest
Term
Immoblization device used for a lateral chest on a nonambluatory?
Definition
postioning sponge
Term
Why are velcro straps used for the axial projection of the calcaneus (heel)?
Definition
assist pt in dorsiflexing the foot
Term
A sandbag cannot be place directly over the injured site for which of the following reasons?
Definition
because it is radiopaque
Term
Proper protocol for transferring a pt from a wheelchair to a table that can stand but not walk
Definition
postion the wheelchair to a 45 degree angle at the patients stronger side.
Term
The center of gravity for a standing pt is
Definition
at S2
Term
The purpose of the cervical collar
Definition
to immoblilze the entire vertebral column
Term
The difference between an Air splint and a traction splint used on lower leg
Definition
an air splint provides stability
Term
Advantages of using a spine board
Definition

it can be used to lift the entire pt onto radiographic site

it is radiolucent

Term
Is an advantage of  using a spine board is to place tracton of the cervical spine to prevent further movement?
Definition
No, there is no cervical spine, it is a cervical collar
Term
head clamps help to immoblize the head and cervical spine? T/F
Definition
false
Term
Traction splints should be removed for radiographic procedures T/F
Definition
False
Term
Spine boards or back boards are used only for patients with spine injuries T/F
Definition
False
Term
Tape, Velcro, restraints and Plexiglas can all be useful immobilization devices T/F
Definition
true
Term
Which of the following immobilization devices are useful for pediatric imaging?
Pigg o stat
Octastrop board
sheet restraint
All the above
Definition
all the above
Term
Proper immobilization can decrease repeat radiogrphs and increase radiation exposure T/F
Definition
False, they will decrease radiation exposure
Supporting users have an ad free experience!